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Immune system > L1 > Flashcards

L1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the immune system composed of?

A

organs
cells
molecules

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2
Q

What is an immune system?

A

Organised system of organs, cells and molecules to defend body against diseases

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3
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Disease causing pathogens

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4
Q

Smallest to largest, microbes

A

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

Thymus, Bone marrow

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7
Q

What is the purpose of primary lymphoid organs

A

-Production of white blood cells (lympocytes)

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8
Q

What is the purpose of secondary lymphoid organs

A

Sites where immune responses are initiated

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9
Q

What is the function of bone marrow

A

-Source of stem cells into innate and adaptive arms

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10
Q

What is the function of thymus

A

‘School’ for white blood cells called T cells

Developing T cells learn to not react to self

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11
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Spleen and lymph nodes

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12
Q

What is the function of the spleen

A

Initiation for immune responses against blood borne pathogens (filter blood)

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13
Q

Where are lymph nodes located?

A

Along lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

Purpose of lymphatic vessels

A

Transports lymph fluids from tissues and filter it to re circulate into blood

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15
Q

Purpose of lymph nodes?

A

Site of initiation of immune responses for pathogens in the tissue

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16
Q

What are the layers of defense of the immune system, outer to inner?

A

Chemical and physical barriers
Innate arm
Adaptive arm

17
Q

What is the epidermis and its function

A

Dead cells, phagocytic immune cells which

Epidermis is shedded

18
Q

What is the dermis layer?

A

Thick layer of connective tissue, collagen and phagocytic immune cells

19
Q

What are defensins and what to do they do?

A

Antimicrobial peptides which form pores in microbes membranes, killing them

20
Q

Function of lysozyme?

A

Breaks down bacterial cell walls

21
Q

What are the two chemical defences which directly affect the skin environment

A

Sebum: low pH
Salt: Hypertonic

22
Q

Features of mucous membranes

A

1-2 layers
Epithelium: tightly packed live cells, constantly renewing, mucus producing

23
Q

How does mucous membrane defend against microbes and what kind of defence is it?

A

Physical defence
-Mucus traps microbes
-tightly packed, unable to get through

24
Q

What is the mucociliary escalator?

A

Cilia moves mucus (trapped with microbes and dust) up to pharynx

25
Q

What are the chemical defences of mucosal surface: stomach, Gall bladder, Intestine

A

Low pH
Bile
Digestive enzymes

26
Q

What signals can the innate arm send to adaptive arm?

A

Signals to prepare for defence against microbes

27
Q
A
28
Q
A
29
Q

Features of innate arm immunity

A

-Already in place
-rapid
-non specified
-No specific memory

30
Q

Features of adaptive arm

A

-improves during response
-slow
-variable
-highly specific
-Has memory

Immune system (9 decks)

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