L1 Flashcards
is a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.
HEALTH
the concept recognizes the strength of social, economic, and environmental influences on health
HOLISTIC CONCEPT OF HEALTH
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
- The social and economic environment.
- The Physical environment.
- Social support networks
- The person’s individual characteristics and
behaviors. (Geneics, Gender) - Health service
The social and economic environment:
1- Income and social status
2- Educaion
higher income and social status are linked to better health. The greater the gap between the richest and poorest people, the greater the differences in health.
Income and social status
low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress, and lower self- conidence.
Education
safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, and safe houses, all contribute to good health.
Physical environment
greater support from families, friends, and communities is linked to better health. Culture - customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family and community all affect health.
Social support networks
The person’s individual characteristics and behaviors
1-………
2-………
1.Genetics
2.Gender
inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness, and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses. Personal behavior and coping skills – balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking, and how we deal with life’s stresses and challenges all affect health.
Genetics
Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different ages.
Gender
access and use of services that prevent and treat disease influences health
Health services
Environmental health is the science and practice of preventing human injury and illness and promoting well-being by:
1/idenifying and evaluating environmental sources and hazardous agents
• 2/ limiting exposures to hazardous physical, chemical, and biological agents in air, water, soil, food, and other environmental media or settings
that may adversely affect human health.
practice Definition of Environmental Health
Components of Environment:
• A. Physical [energy of one form or another]
• B. Chemical[mater i.e. substances whether natural or man-made].
• C. Biological [living things].
the energy of one form or another:
Physical Component of Environment
Can present themselves to us in various media e.g. air, and water. climate, occupational hazards, hazards associated with food, and Health effects from economic and social consequences of environmental change.
Hazards
availability, quality in terms of microbiological pollution and handling.
what type of environmental services?
Water supply
wall, covered floor, ventilation and lightness.
what type of environmental services?
Building construction
toilet facilities, and hand washing facilities.
what type of environmental services?
Liquid waste disposal
Garbage, trash disposal and clean lines campaigns.
what type of environmental services?
Solid waste disposal
food handling, premises health, quality, and types of foods provide in schools and food vendors.
what type of environmental services?
Food hygiene and safety
Water supply
Liquid waste disposal
Building Construction
Solid waste disposal
Food hygiene and safety
Air quality management
Vector control
Environmental health education
Environmental health services
عددهم ٨
Environmental health services:
كم عددهم؟
عددهم: 8
Water supply
Liquid waste disposal
Building construction
Solid waste disposal
Food hygiene and safety
Air quality management
Vector control
Environmental health education
(…………………………)
Refer to the components that are necessary to produce a healthy environment and to develop and support safe hygiene behavior
Environmental health services
1- Safe and adequate water supply available at all time
2-Safe and wholesome water specifications:
• Free from pathogenic agents
• Free from harmful chemical substances
• Pleasant to taste, i.e. free from color and order,
• Useable for domesic propose
what type of environmental services?
Water supply
Safe and wholesome water specifications:
• Free from pathogenic agents
• Free from harmful chemical substances
• Pleasant to taste, i.e. free from color and order,
• Useable for domestic propose
2.Waste disposal :-
Solid waste disposal :
The waste and refuse should be removed from the house daily &disposed of in a sanitary manner. Classification to;
(…………..)
(……………)
• Hazardous
• Non hazardous
Air quality management
(Indoor pollution):
تلوث داخل المبنى
Smoking ,coal and wood combusion
control: by natural ventilation
Air quality management
Out door polluion:
تلوث خارج المبنى
vehicles, factories, etc
مركبات ومصانع والخ
4.Food hygiene and safety
According to centers for Disease Control (CDC), the following factors contribute to mainly to foodborne illness:
• 63% Inadequate Cooling and Cold Holding Temperatures
• 29% Preparing Food Ahead of Planned Service
• 27% Inadequate Hot Holding Temperatures
• 26% Poor Personal Hygiene/Infected Persons
5.Vectors of diseases
(……………) are illnesses that are
transmited by vectors
Vector-borne diseases
mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. These vectors can carry infective pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, which can be transferred from one host (carrier) to another.
True
living organisms that can transmit infectious diseases between humans or from animals to humans.
Vectors
Many of these vectors are bloodsucking insects, which ingest disease-producing microorganisms during a blood meal from an infected host (human or animal) and later inject it into a new host during their subsequent blood meal.
True
Example of Vectors:
(Mosquitoes)
• Aedes
– Dengue fever
– Rift Valley fever
– Yellow fever
– Zika
• Anopheles
– Malaria
• Culex
– Japanese encephalitis
– Lymphaic ilariasis
– West Nile fever
(Sandflies)
• Leishmaniasis
• Sandly fever
(Ticks)
• Relapsing fever
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