L X, C XI Flashcards
BA25
Subgenual ACC (sgACC) - lies posterior in inferior part of temporal lobe.
Regulator of network involving:
- hypothalamus and brain stem (appetite, sleep)
- amygdala and insula (mood, anxiety)
- hippocampus (memory formation)
- frontal cortex (self-esteem)
Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC/BA11) damage leads to…
Over-reliance on perceptual cues to guide behavior.
Respond to what is in front of them, without considering context - utilization behavior.
vmOFC/vmPFC activate the…
Fast activation of ANS by affective associations: somatic states are induced.
Potential threats/rewards are signaled before conscious knowledge of them.
Validity of somatic marker hypothesis - evidence:
Amygdala patients show similar patterns as vmOFC patients.
Both groups don’t develop conditioned response to risky cards.
Validity of somatic marker hypothesis - critic:
People aren’t good at identifying the source of their physiological arousal.
Cut off of physiological feedback doesn’t impair Iowa gambling task performance.
Which areas for:
- self-judgements
- others-judgements
Self-judgements - mPFC/BA46, posterior cingulate/BA23/BA31)
Others-judgements - anterior cingulate, left inferior frontal cortex (IFC)
Default mode network (DFM) - involved in…
Activity in DFM goes … when task-related activity goes …?
Involved in self-referential processing.
Activity in DFM goes up when task-related activity goes down.
Better than average effect =
People tend to see themselves as above average - effect is greater for broader traits.
More … and … recruitment leads to more realistic evaluation of self compared to others.
Medial OFC/BA11 and lateral OFC/BA47/vlPFC
Bilateral TPJ involved in…
Processing stories on other people’s thoughts.
mPFC/BA46 is activated in…
All stories with social content.
Temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) plays crucial role in … and …
TPJ enables us to…, both … and in …
ToM, integrates information from many areas.
Shift attention to other parts of the world, both visually and in social reasoning (other perspectives).
Mimicry in response to smiling face: … activation of … (smile muscle) to happy face than angry face.
… AQ - … activated muscle to happy faces.
… AQ related to … mimicry?
Stronger activation of zygomaticus.
Higher AQ - less activated muscle.
Higher AQ related to lower mimicry?
Autistic patients show yes/no increase in processing in … when behavior is incongruent with context.
No increase
Processing in STS
Amygdala - autism - RMET
… amygdala is correlated with:
Smaller amygdala is correlated with:
- longer judgement times
- less fixation on eye region
… level of prenatal testosterone correlated with … RMET scores.
High level, low RMET scores.
Oxytocin enhances …
Improves performance on …
Fixation on eye region
RMET
2 brain regions associated with self-reflection:
Midline cortical areas involved in default mode of brain
(Para)limbic areas involved in interoception
Self-reflexive thought (3 regions)
Representations of central feelings, visceral sensations, autonomic arousal (2 regions)
Self-reflexive thought - mPFC/BA46, cingulate, parietal regions
Representations of central feelings, visceral sensations, autonomic arousal - insula/BA13, ACC
TPJ linked to …
Out-of-body experiences
2 streams of face perception
Ventral pathway = invariant aspects of face perception, basis of person recognition, involves FFA.
Dorsal pathway = dynamic face features; emotional expression, mouth movements, gaze shifts, involves amygdala.
STS shows weaker/stronger response when perceived actions do/don’t comply with expectations.
Stronger, don’t
Autism or bilateral amygdala damage - judge faces
Tend to judge untrustworthy faces as more trustworthy.
Empathy requires a coordinated operation of 4 processes:
Emotion sharing between individuals - processing in somatosensory cortex, insula, ACC.
Self-awareness, distinction with others - processing in PFC, insula, parietal lobes.
Mental flexibility to adopt other’s perspectives - processing in mPFC, dlPFC.
Emotion regulation - processing in lPFC, vmPFC, anterior cingulate.
