L 83- Sven psychedelics Flashcards
Fixed, false belief w/ no logic. Paranoia is a common manifestation.
A. Delusion
B. Hallucination
C. Illusion
A
A false perception arising from internal stimuli. Creates a false reality
A. Delusion
B. Hallucination
C. Illusion
B
A misperception of external stimuli. Distorts reality
A. Delusion
B. Hallucination
C. Illusion
C
2 categories of psychedelics
classical and dissociative
what are the 3 dissociative psychedelics?
ketamine
phencyclidine
muscimol
Classical psychedelics are derived from the structure of what two things?
phenethylamine
tryptamine
which psychedelics are derivatives of phenethylamine
mescaline (peyote)
MDA
MDMA
Which 2 actually known psychedelics are derivatives of tyramine
DMT and LSD
which psychedelic is currently undergoing the most clinical research
psilocybin
most classical psychedelics are agonists of what receptor?
5HT2A
what is the weird exception with MDMA regarding 5HT?
it stimulates 5HT release
Sensory illusions
A. Visionary restructuralization
B. Anxious ego-dissolution
C. Oceanic boundlessness
A
Thought disorder leading to bad trip
A. Visionary restructuralization
B. Anxious ego-dissolution
C. Oceanic boundlessness
B
Highly pleasurable state of self dissolution
A. Visionary restructuralization
B. Anxious ego-dissolution
C. Oceanic boundlessness
C
6 short term physiologic effects of psychedelic use
tachycardia
htn
tremors
dry mouth
nausea
hyperthermia (fever)
4 things included under acute dysphoric reaction in psychedelic drug use adverse effects slide
terrifying thoughts
fear of insanity
fear of losing control
fear of death
what is the rate of psychosis after using LSD?
1-5%
4 potential therapeutic uses of psychedelics
cancer-related distress
ptsd
depression
substance abuse disorder
what are some of the shortcomings of clinical trials in psychedelic research?
sample size is usually small
a lot of people are excluded from studies
selection bias bc of drug use
T or F: dissociative psychs act as NMDA receptor antagonists
true
T or F: Glutamate is ion channel-associated
true
T or F: NMDA receptors are primarily presynaptic
false, post
NMDA receptors bind what two things we talk about?
glycine and glutamate
T or F: NMDA is ionotropic
true
Is the S+ form of ketamine more or less active?
more
what is the moa of ketamine
NMDA receptor antagonist
Ionotropic glutamate receptors induce _____ and _____
anesthesia and analgesia
what are the two prominent nmda receptor antagonists in the slide
ketamine and dextromethorphan
T or F: Ketamine is more potent than PCP, another nmda antagonist
false, PCP more
PCP antagonizes nmda and agonizes what?
D2 receptors
which of the following drugs may lead to self-mutilation without recognition?
A. Ketamine
B. Psilocybin
C. Ecstasy
D. PCP
D. PCP
MOA of muscimol
GABA-A agonist
is muscimol classical or dissociative?
dissociative
what is the street name for alkyl nitrites
poppers
3 things that poppers do physiologically
smooth muscle relaxation
platelet inhibition
changes in gene expression
what is a volatile solvent?
a liquid at RT that evaporates readily when exposed to air
what are the 4 volatile solvents on the slide?
toluene
acetone
benzene
butane
acute effects (minutes) of volatile solvents (2)
locomotor stimulation
euphoria/exhilliration
5 adverse effects of volatile solvents at high doses (>3000ppm)
- cns depression
- slurred speech
- disorientation
- weakness
- sedation
6 major risks of inhalant abuse **
asphyxiation
suffocation
seizures
coma
choking
fatal injury while high
what is the cause of death in “sudden sniffing death syndrome”?
fatal arrhythmias
