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Biochem test 3 > L: 33 Integration of metabolism > Flashcards

L: 33 Integration of metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Fate of G6P

A
  1. G6P to G1P to glycogen via glycogenesis or glycogenolysis
  2. G6P–> R5P via pentose phosphate pathway
  3. G6P to F6P to pyruvate via glycolosis or gluconeogenisis
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2
Q

Fate of Acetyl CoA

A
  1. TCA cycle
  2. FA synthesis
  3. Ketone body synthesis
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3
Q

Fate of pyruvate

A

made into:

  1. Acetyl CoA
  2. OAA
  3. alanine
  4. Lactate
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4
Q

3 main decisions of metabolism

A

What to do with G6P, Acetyl CoA, and Pyruvate

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5
Q

Preferred fuel source brain

A

Glucose (ketone in starvation)

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6
Q

Preferred fuel source skeletal muscles resting

A

FA

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7
Q

preferred fuel source muscle with exertion

A

glucose

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8
Q

preferred fuel source heart

A

FA

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9
Q

preferred fuel source adipose

A

FA

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10
Q

PREFERRED FUEL SOURCE LIVER

A

Glucose, FA, AA

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11
Q

Bodies fuel producers

A

Liver(glucose)
Adipocytes (FA)
Kidneys (Glucose-during starvation only)

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12
Q

Bodies Fuel Consumers

A

Skeletal muscles
Brain
Heart

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13
Q

primary fuel source of liver is?

A

FA NOT glucose

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14
Q

Fed state

A

@ conclusion of meal stimulates energy production and storage

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15
Q

Fast state

A

> 1 hr preferred metabolic fuel stores released for use

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16
Q

Starve state

A

4-5 days w/o food shift to using fat stores (TAG) and derivatives (ketone bodies)

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17
Q

AMPK

A

AMP-activated protein kinase

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18
Q

When cell in fed AMPK is

A

OFF

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19
Q

AMPK activator

A

Increased AMP

20
Q

AMPK inhibitors

A

Increased ATP

21
Q

AMPK activates

A

enzymes in energy-producing (catabolic) pathways

22
Q

AMPK inactivates

A

enzymes in energy-requiring (anabolic) pathway

23
Q

mTOR

A

mammalian target of rapamycin

24
Q

Effect on mTOR in fed state

A

mTOR is ON

25
Q

Activator of mTOR

A

insulin

26
Q

Inhibitor of mTOR

A

AMPK

27
Q

mTOR activates

A

enzymes in energy-requiring pathway

28
Q

mTOR inactivates

A

enzymes in energy-producing pathway

29
Q

AMPK activates

A

enzyme in energy producing (catabolic) pathways

30
Q

AMPK inactivates

A

Enzymes in energy requiring (anabolic) pathways

31
Q

enzyme regulator Sirtuins (SIRT1) activated when?

A

Increased NAD and decreased NADH

32
Q

What is the primary role of PPARgamma

A

stimulate lipid synthesis and improve insulin sensitivity

33
Q

Primary role of PPARalpha

A

fatty acid oxidation for fasting response

34
Q

Insulin is produced where? senses what? and delineates what action?

A

Pancreas
Blood glucose
Fed state

35
Q

Leptin released where?
Sensor of what?
Delineates what action?

A

Adipocytes
TAG store sensor
Full state

36
Q

Name two other shorter acting hormones that signal full state

A

Cholecystokinins (CKK)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)

37
Q

what neurons recieve FED/FULL signals from leptin and insulin?

A

Anorexigenic

38
Q

What neurons receive Hungry signals from Ghrelin, Adiponectin, and PYY?

A

Orexigenic

39
Q

what does cortisol do in tissue

A

adipocytes–>release FA
skeletal—> protein degredation
Liver—> increase carboylase, increase gluconeogenesis

40
Q

If the liver has available glucose (fed) what happens

A

Increased rate of glucokinase and increased synthesis of FA/TAG

41
Q

Decreased availability of glucose in liver (starve) what happens?

A

Decreased rate of glucokinase and synthesis of ketone bodies

42
Q

Why can the liver produce but not able to use ketone bodies?

A

Lacks CoA transferase

43
Q

Describe VLDL

A

From the Liver going to Adipocytes completed TAG transport
low protein
high TAG
low cholesterol

44
Q

Describe LDL

A

Bad CholesterolFrom VLDL going to all cells to distribute cholesterol
medium protein
low TAG
Low cholesterol but high cholesterol ester

45
Q

Discribe HDL

A 
**Good Cholesterol**from empty liver going to full liver collecting cholesterol
High protein
low TAG
low Cholesterol
Medium cholesterol ester

Biochem test 3 (11 decks)

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