L:31 Catabolism

Question 1

Name some Protein sources

Answer 1

Diet

Intracellular-proteasome, lysosome degrading proteins

Question 2

Direct deamination is completed by what AA and what enzyme?

Answer 2

Serine and Threonine only via Dehydratase

Question 3

Serine is deaminated to

Answer 3

pyruvate

Question 4

Threonine is deaminated to

Answer 4

Alpha ketobutyrate

Question 5

Aspartate Aminotransferase(AST) and Serum Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase(SGOT) which are one in the same

Answer 5

Catalyzes in the interconversion of Aspartate —-=> Oxaloacetate
and alpha-ketoglutarate—-> Glutamate

Question 6

How is ammonium formed?

Answer 6

Glutamate dehydrogenase releases and Ammonium Ion when converting Glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate

Question 7

NH4 is a byproduct of amino acid catabolism and can be converted to urea where?

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

What is thew committed step in the urea cycle

Answer 8

Creation of Carbamoyl from combination of CO2 and NH3Uses 2 ATP*

Question 9

where is the reaction of ornithine and citrulline take place

Answer 9

in the mitochondria

Question 10

Where is Citrulline exported

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

Arginine is created via donation of NH3 by?

Answer 11

Aspartate at cost of 2 ATP`

Question 12

Fumarate—-> OAA uses?

Answer 12

TCA cycle

Question 13

OAA—->Asp is performed by what?

Answer 13

SGOT aminotransferase

Question 14

How is Ornithine created?

Answer 14

When Urea is removed from water

Question 15

If AA can be degraded into intermediate molecules that can feed through gluconeogenesis to reform glucose it is called?

Answer 15

Glucogenic

Question 16

If AA are degraded into intermediate molecules that can be used to create ketone bodies are called?

Answer 16

Ketogenic

Question 17

AA that can be degraded into more than one possible molecules are called

Answer 17

Glucogenic and Ketogenic

Question 18

Glucogenic and ketogenic Carbon skeletons

Answer 18

Isoleucine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine

Question 19

Ketogenic only carbon skeleton

Answer 19

Leucine

Lysine

Question 20

What can we do with individual amino acids?

Answer 20

1. Dispose of nitrogen through urea cycle
2. Make new proteins
3. Repurpose the carbon skeleton

Question 21

Pyridoxal phasphate is always what?

Answer 21

Coenzyme

Question 22

Urea is composed of what 4 pieces?

Answer 22

H2O
Aspartate
Carbamoyl phosphate
HCO3

Question 23

The remaining carbon skeletons of catabolism of AA that are not excreted as urea are metabolized by what

Answer 23

1. Citric acid cycle to ATP
2. Pyruvate Oxaloacetate to Glucose
3. Acetyl-CoA to FA or ketone bodies

Question 24

NH4 is a toxic byproduct of what?

Answer 24

AA catabolism