L:31 Catabolism Flashcards
Name some Protein sources
Diet
Intracellular-proteasome, lysosome degrading proteins
Direct deamination is completed by what AA and what enzyme?
Serine and Threonine only via Dehydratase
Serine is deaminated to
pyruvate
Threonine is deaminated to
Alpha ketobutyrate
Aspartate Aminotransferase(AST) and Serum Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase(SGOT) which are one in the same
Catalyzes in the interconversion of Aspartate —-=> Oxaloacetate
and alpha-ketoglutarate—-> Glutamate
How is ammonium formed?
Glutamate dehydrogenase releases and Ammonium Ion when converting Glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate
NH4 is a byproduct of amino acid catabolism and can be converted to urea where?
Liver
What is thew committed step in the urea cycle
Creation of Carbamoyl from combination of CO2 and NH3Uses 2 ATP*
where is the reaction of ornithine and citrulline take place
in the mitochondria
Where is Citrulline exported
Cytoplasm
Arginine is created via donation of NH3 by?
Aspartate at cost of 2 ATP`
Fumarate—-> OAA uses?
TCA cycle
OAA—->Asp is performed by what?
SGOT aminotransferase
How is Ornithine created?
When Urea is removed from water
If AA can be degraded into intermediate molecules that can feed through gluconeogenesis to reform glucose it is called?
Glucogenic
If AA are degraded into intermediate molecules that can be used to create ketone bodies are called?
Ketogenic
AA that can be degraded into more than one possible molecules are called
Glucogenic and Ketogenic
Glucogenic and ketogenic Carbon skeletons
Isoleucine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine
Ketogenic only carbon skeleton
Leucine
Lysine
What can we do with individual amino acids?
- Dispose of nitrogen through urea cycle
- Make new proteins
- Repurpose the carbon skeleton
Pyridoxal phasphate is always what?
Coenzyme
Urea is composed of what 4 pieces?
H2O
Aspartate
Carbamoyl phosphate
HCO3
The remaining carbon skeletons of catabolism of AA that are not excreted as urea are metabolized by what
- Citric acid cycle to ATP
- Pyruvate Oxaloacetate to Glucose
- Acetyl-CoA to FA or ketone bodies
NH4 is a toxic byproduct of what?
AA catabolism
