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IHO FINAL > Krafts Part I > Flashcards

Krafts Part I Flashcards

1
Q

What can you see in a malignant cell?

A
  • Lacy, open chromatin

- Auer rods

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2
Q

What condition has “butt cells”?

A

“Rieder cells” - A type of Acute Myelogenous leukemia

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3
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

Volume percentage of RBC present in blood

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4
Q

What does MCV tell you?

A

Average size/volume of red cells

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5
Q

What does RDW (red cell distribution width) tell you?

A

Measures variation in RBC size/volume

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6
Q

What does MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) tell you?

A

Weight of Hgb in red cell

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7
Q

What does MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)?

A

Concentration of Hgb in red cell

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8
Q

What do echinocytes look like?

A

Red blood cells with squiggly boarder around the edges

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9
Q

What are reticulocytes?? (KNOW!!)

A

Polychromatophilic cell - precursor cells to normal mature red cells

  • Larger than red cells with some RNA too
  • Bluish-purpley color
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10
Q

What do you see in the red cells of Malaria?

A

Howell-Jolly bodies!

-Red cells with little back dots - little bits of nucleus was left within the cell

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11
Q

What has giant platelets and what causes it?

A

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

  • Abnormal Ib
  • Abnormal adhesion
  • Big platelets
  • Severe bleeding
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12
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia in premnopausal women:

A

MENORRHAGIA

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13
Q

Iron-deficiecny anemia in everyone else:

A

GI BLOOD LOSS

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14
Q

What is the first sign of iron deficiency in a blood smear?

A

Poikilocytosis - Red cells that look like eclipses/cigars

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15
Q

What should you ALWAYS check for in patient with macrocytosis?

A

B12 Deficiency (even if folate is low!!)

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16
Q

What are spherocytes?

A

Smaller and denser than normal RBCs. They are seen in hemolytic anemia.

17
Q

What do you NEED your spleen for?

A

To get rid of encapsulated organisms!

18
Q

What does a TRIANGULOCYTE indicate in a blood smear?? (KNOW!!)

A

Microangiolytic hemolytic anemia! (MAHA)

19
Q

What type of hypersensitivity are bad blood transfusions?

A

Type II hypersensitivity - Antibody mediated!

20
Q

What is the Bombay phenotype blood type?

A

They don’t make A, B or H antigens. They don’t have the H gene! This is bad for blood transfusions and makes it impossible for them to get blood from other people without their phenotype.

21
Q

What is aphaeresis donation?

A

To donate cells/specific blood products

  • Take blood out, run it through machine and machine takes out what ever you need and then put the rest back into the patient
  • Can get a lot of platelets out of a donor without them having symptoms
22
Q

What genotypes are associated with Rh- and Rh+?

A

DD, Dd = Rh +

dd = Rh -

23
Q

When do you give WHOLE BLOOD?

A

Usually only MASSIVE HEMORRHAGE!!

24
Q

When should you NOT give platelets?

A

If patient is just bleeding. You ONLY want to give if the patient has THROMBOCYTOPENIA!!

25
Q

When is hemolytic disease of the newborn a big problem?

A

When mom is Rh - and baby is Rh +

26
Q

What happens to the baby when it’s RBC are attacked?

A
  • Extramedullary hematopoiesis
  • Heart & Liver failure
  • Jaundice
  • Kernicterus (yellow in internal capsule)
27
Q

When do you see toxic changes in the neutrophils?

A
  • Seen only in infection!
  • Toxic granulation, Dohle bodies, cytoplasmic vacuolization
  • Scariest: cytoplasmic vacuolization
28
Q

What cells do you see in infectious mononucleosis?

A

Downey cells! (Lymphocytosis)

29
Q

What translocation do you see in CML?

A

t(9;22)

30
Q

ACUTE

A

sudden onset
adults or children
Rapidly fatal w/o Tx
Immature cells (blasts)

31
Q

CHRONIC

A

Slow onset
Adults only
Longer course
Mature cells

32
Q

In what cancer does the cell chromatin look like a nylon sock stretched out?

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

33
Q

What are laboratory findings in acute leukemia?

A

Blasts/immune cells in blood
Leukocytosis - Really high white count
Anemia
Thormbocytopenia

IHO FINAL (12 decks)

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