Krafts Part I Flashcards
What can you see in a malignant cell?
- Lacy, open chromatin
- Auer rods
What condition has “butt cells”?
“Rieder cells” - A type of Acute Myelogenous leukemia
What is hematocrit?
Volume percentage of RBC present in blood
What does MCV tell you?
Average size/volume of red cells
What does RDW (red cell distribution width) tell you?
Measures variation in RBC size/volume
What does MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) tell you?
Weight of Hgb in red cell
What does MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)?
Concentration of Hgb in red cell
What do echinocytes look like?
Red blood cells with squiggly boarder around the edges
What are reticulocytes?? (KNOW!!)
Polychromatophilic cell - precursor cells to normal mature red cells
- Larger than red cells with some RNA too
- Bluish-purpley color
What do you see in the red cells of Malaria?
Howell-Jolly bodies!
-Red cells with little back dots - little bits of nucleus was left within the cell
What has giant platelets and what causes it?
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
- Abnormal Ib
- Abnormal adhesion
- Big platelets
- Severe bleeding
Iron-deficiency anemia in premnopausal women:
MENORRHAGIA
Iron-deficiecny anemia in everyone else:
GI BLOOD LOSS
What is the first sign of iron deficiency in a blood smear?
Poikilocytosis - Red cells that look like eclipses/cigars
What should you ALWAYS check for in patient with macrocytosis?
B12 Deficiency (even if folate is low!!)
What are spherocytes?
Smaller and denser than normal RBCs. They are seen in hemolytic anemia.
What do you NEED your spleen for?
To get rid of encapsulated organisms!
What does a TRIANGULOCYTE indicate in a blood smear?? (KNOW!!)
Microangiolytic hemolytic anemia! (MAHA)
What type of hypersensitivity are bad blood transfusions?
Type II hypersensitivity - Antibody mediated!
What is the Bombay phenotype blood type?
They don’t make A, B or H antigens. They don’t have the H gene! This is bad for blood transfusions and makes it impossible for them to get blood from other people without their phenotype.
What is aphaeresis donation?
To donate cells/specific blood products
- Take blood out, run it through machine and machine takes out what ever you need and then put the rest back into the patient
- Can get a lot of platelets out of a donor without them having symptoms
What genotypes are associated with Rh- and Rh+?
DD, Dd = Rh +
dd = Rh -
When do you give WHOLE BLOOD?
Usually only MASSIVE HEMORRHAGE!!
When should you NOT give platelets?
If patient is just bleeding. You ONLY want to give if the patient has THROMBOCYTOPENIA!!
When is hemolytic disease of the newborn a big problem?
When mom is Rh - and baby is Rh +
What happens to the baby when it’s RBC are attacked?
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis
- Heart & Liver failure
- Jaundice
- Kernicterus (yellow in internal capsule)
When do you see toxic changes in the neutrophils?
- Seen only in infection!
- Toxic granulation, Dohle bodies, cytoplasmic vacuolization
- Scariest: cytoplasmic vacuolization
What cells do you see in infectious mononucleosis?
Downey cells! (Lymphocytosis)
What translocation do you see in CML?
t(9;22)
ACUTE
sudden onset
adults or children
Rapidly fatal w/o Tx
Immature cells (blasts)
CHRONIC
Slow onset
Adults only
Longer course
Mature cells
In what cancer does the cell chromatin look like a nylon sock stretched out?
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
What are laboratory findings in acute leukemia?
Blasts/immune cells in blood
Leukocytosis - Really high white count
Anemia
Thormbocytopenia
