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History 😭 > KQ5 Containment of Communism > Flashcards

KQ5 Containment of Communism Flashcards

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1
Q

When and on what parallel was Korea divided on

A

Divided in 1945 on the 38th Parallel

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2
Q

Who led North Korea and who was he backed by

A

Kim Il Sung and was backed by communist USSR

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3
Q

What army did Kim Il Sung create

A

The People’s army
They were a large army of skilled soldiers which were supported by the USSR

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4
Q

What were Kim Il Sung’s ideals

A

He was communist and a nationalist (wanted a united north and south Korea)

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5
Q

Who led South Korea and who was he backed by

A

Syngman Rhee, backed by capitalist USA

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6
Q

When did the leaders of North and South Korea official become leaders

A

1948
Sung declared himself leader
Rhee was elected

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7
Q

What were Syngman Rhee’s ideals

A

capitalist, strict anti-communist, nationalist

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8
Q

Why didn’t the USA send weapons to South Korea at first

A

They wanted to maintain peace

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9
Q

How many people did Rhee have in prison by 1950

A

30,000 suspected communists

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10
Q

When did China become communist

A

1949

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11
Q

Who was the leader of communist china

A

Mao Zedong

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12
Q

When did North Korea invade the South

A

25th June 1950

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13
Q

When did the Korean People’s army take Seoul and what was the only part of South Korea which wasn’t taken

A

27th June 1950
Pusan Perimeter

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14
Q

Who ruled Korea until 1945

A

Japan

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15
Q

Who was the US president at the start of the Korean war

A

Truman

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16
Q

What did the USA do to support South Korea at the start of the Korean War

A

The spoke to the UN (which condemned North Korea)
They sent advisors, supplies and warships

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17
Q

Why wasn’t Russia able to Veto the UNs involvement in the Korean War

A

They were boycotting the UN due to a disagreement over who should represent China in the Security Council

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18
Q

What was resolution 84?

A

it committed UN members to help drive North Korean Soldiers out of South Korea
18 states (including Britain) provided troops but the majority was from USA

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19
Q

Who was the Commander of the UN Korean war troops

A

General MacArthur - american

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20
Q

What happened in September 1950 (Korean War)

A

UN forces stormed Incheon, they drove the North Korean’s past their original border and the UN approved a plan to advance into North Korea

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21
Q

What happened in October 1950 (Korean War)

A

UN forces reached the Yalu river (on border with China)
In late October, China entered the war

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22
Q

Who were the People’s volunteers

A

200,000 Chinese troops who were committed to communism and hated the US
They were equipped with planes and tanks by the USSR

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23
Q

What happened in Jan 1951 (Korea)

A

UN troops pushed back and the US were divided on what to do

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24
Q

What did MacArthur and Truman want to do in the Korean War

A

MacArthur - continue the war by invading China and using nuclear weapons if necessary
Truman - only wanted to save South Korea

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25
Q

What happened in March 1951 (Korean War)

A

MacArthur ignored UN instruction to stop fighting and negotiate an agreement
He openly threatened an attack on China

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26
Q

What happened in April 1951 (Korean War)

A

MacArthur was sacked

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27
Q

When did Stalin die

A

March 1953

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28
Q

When was Truman replaced by Eisenhower

A

1952

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29
Q

When did peace talks begin and when was the armistice (Korean War)

A

June 1951 - peace talks began
July 1953 - armistice signed

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30
Q

Who was John F. Kennedy

A

President of the USA (1961/63)

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31
Q

Who was Fidel Castro

A

Cuban leader since 1959

32
Q

Who was Nikita Khrushchev

A

Premier of the USSR

33
Q

When did Castro come to power

A

1959

34
Q

Why was the US unhappy that Castro took over?

A

Castro nationalised US businesses and was a communist

35
Q

What support did the USSR give Cuba in 1960

A

Gave Cuba $100 mill in economic aid
agreed to buy Cuban sugar

36
Q

What was the Bay of Pigs

A

An american operation. Supplied 1,400 Cuban Exiles with arms to reinvade Cuba in 1961. It was a failure and damaged relations

37
Q

When was the bay of pigs invasion

A

April 1961

38
Q

How much did the Bay of Pigs invasion cost the US

A

$53 Million

39
Q

Why did Khrushchev help Castro

A

USSR could get on an even weapons playing field (counter Turkey missiles)

40
Q

When were missiles sent to Cuba

A

1962

41
Q

What happened in 1962 (Cuba)

A

11 September - JFK + congress issued warnings to USSR
15 Oct - U2 spy planes took photos of the construction of long range soviet missile launching sites, Soviet ships were seen travelling with long range nuclear weapons to Cuba

42
Q

What were the options of responses to the USSR giving Cuba missiles

A

Invasion, Airstrike, Diplomatic pressure, blockade

43
Q

what happened Oct 16-22 1962 (Cuba)

A

Secret deliberations on what should be done

44
Q

What happened Oct 22 1962 (Cuba)

A

JFK announces naval blockade

45
Q

What happened Oct 23 1962 (Cuba)

A

Khrushchev explains that the missiles are solely to defend Cuba in case there’s an aggressor

46
Q

What happened Oct 24 1962 (Cuba)

A

20 Russian ships head for Cuba, they are told to ignore the blockade

47
Q

What happened Oct 25 1962 (Cuba)

A

First Russian ship reaches Blockade, its only carrying oil so it’s let through. The rest turn back

48
Q

What happened Oct 26 1962 (Cuba)

A

JFK gets a telegram from Khrushchev:
USSR will dismantle the sites if US lifts blockade and doesnt invade Cuba

49
Q

When does Kennedy’s brother make a secret deal with the USSR’s ambassador

A

27th Oct 1962 - both the Cuban and the Turkish missile bases will be disarmed

50
Q

when does the Cuban missile crisis end

A

28th Oct 1962

51
Q

Why Could the cuban missile crisis be counted as a win for US/USSR

A

US: JKF’s personal prestige was enhanced, Khrushchev’s rep was worsened, China-USSR relations worsened, Critics of the policy of containment were quietened

USSR: Cuba stayed communist and continued to rely on USSR (but chose to follow an independent foreign policy), European allies were upset about how littler they were consulted

52
Q

What were the positive/negative results of the Cuban Missile Crisis

A

+ : hotline between US + USSR was established, two superpowers avoided direct hostility again, 1963 Nuclear Test Ban treaty
- : the arms race intensified

53
Q

Who led the Vietminh

A

Ho Chi Minh

54
Q

When and where were the French defeated in Vietnam

A

1954 at Dien Bien Phu

55
Q

When and along which parallel was Vietnam divided along

A

17th parallel - 1954

56
Q

Who was the president of South Vietnam

A

Diem

57
Q

What was the Vietminh

A

Communist Vietnamese group

58
Q

Why did the USA get involved in the Vietnamese civil war

A

they wanted to stop the spread of communism, domino theory

59
Q

What was JFK’s policy on the Vietnamese war

A

Didnt want the US to get too involved, sent military advisors

60
Q

What happened in 1964 in Vietnam

A

August 1964 - US ships were reportedly attacked by the North Vietnamese, Gulf of Tonkin resolution passed

61
Q

When were US troops committed to the Vietnamese war

A

1965

62
Q

What was Rolling Thunder

A

a bombing campaign,

63
Q

What did the US do in Vietnam

A

put the Vietnamese in strategic hamlets, went on search and destroy missions

64
Q

What was the Vietcong tunnel system like

A

Sophisticated, had storage rooms, dormitories and meeting rooms. Allowed ambushes on US troops. Can’t be seen from above

65
Q

What was US tech like during the Vietnamese war

A

Used M16 Guns - modern, light and quick firing but flimsy
Tank warfare had little success
Used Napalm bombs and agent orange
B52 Bombers

66
Q

What was Viet Cong tech like

A

Used AK47 - older but sturdier and simple to use (50% of US deaths caused by small arms)
Soviet anti aircraft guns (caused 80 % of aircraft casualties)
B40 rocket launchers
low tech traps and equipment

67
Q

US tactics during the Vietnamese war

A

Napalm + agent orange to destroy tree cover and Ho Chi Minh trail
Search and destroy (lots of civilian casualties)

68
Q

Viet Cong tacticts

A

treated locals with respect and gained their trust (made booby traps with peasants to raise morale)
guerrilla tactics (hit and run, no uniforms)
large tunnel system

69
Q

What was the Ho Chi Minh trail

A

1000 miles, made up of multiple trails
Got supplies from north to south

70
Q

Viet Cong VS US motivation

A

Viet Cong described as “one minded”, refused to give up. Women could be soldiers and were treated equally
US started off motivated and then decreased considerably. PTSD and conscription had to be introduced

71
Q

when did the US withdraw from vietnam

A

1973

72
Q

when did Vietnam become fully communist

A

1975

73
Q

When and what happened with the Tet offensive

A

Jan 1968 - north Vietnamese attack all over the country. 50,000 communist troops dead
turned US citizens against the war

74
Q

How many US and Vietnamese soldiers were killed during the Vietnamese war

A

50,000 Americans
2 mill Vietnamese

75
Q

Why did Kennedy choose to place a blockade on Cuba

A

Would Show the US strength without causing a direct act of war

75
Q

Why did the US leave the Vietnamese war

A

Large Public backlash
Vietcong dedication
Foreign Support (China + USSR)
Vietnamese Soldiers were on familiar land

History 😭 (10 decks)

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