KQ2 The extent of the League Of Nations success Flashcards
What were the aims of the League of Nations
To discourage aggression
Cooperation between countries
Article 10 - collective security
Improve living and working conditions
Disarmament
What were the bodies of the League of Nations
Assembly - leagues ‘parliament’
Council
Secretariat
Court of international justice
International labour organisation
What were the commissions of the League of Nations
Mandates commission - job was to report to the league
Refugees commission - aimed to sort of refugee situation
Slavery commission - worked to abolish slavery
Health committee - dealt with dangerous diseases and aimed to educate ppl bout health and sanitation
Who were the four permanent members of the League of Nations
Italy, Japan, Britain, France
What countries were excluded from the league
Defeated countries (germany)
Russia (communist)
USA - was an isolationist
What was the ILO
International labour organisation, aimed to improve conditions of workers. It brought together employers, governments and workers representatives. Collected stats and info and tried to convince member countries to follow its suggestions
What was the court of international justice
Based in the Netherlands, made up for judges from member countries and settled disputes. No way of enforcing decisions
What was the council
Met 5 times a yr, resolved disputes by talking by using sanctions and moral condemnations. Had 4 permanent members who could veto and temporary members voted on by the assembly for 3 yr periods
What was the assembly
The leagues ‘Parliament’ . Every country had a representative and could recommend action to the council. Met once a yr and could vote on admitting new members. All decisions must be unanimous
How many countries joined the LON by 1930
59
What did the refugee committee achieve
400,000 prisoners were returned home, worked quickly to stamp out cholera, small pox and dysentery in camps
However were short of funds
What did the ILO achieve
Banned lead from paint, limited hours small children could work.
Members refused to cut working time down and they had a lack of funds and power
What did the health committee achieve
Sponsored vaccine research and medicines which fought against leprosy and malaria, collected stat info and spread good practice
What did the slavery commission achieve
Helped free 200,000 slaves in Sierra Leone, organised raids against slave owners and traders. Challenge use of slaves in building the tangayaki railway and brought death rate among African workers from 50% to 4%
When was the Vilna crisis and what happened
In 1920, the poles took over vilna - the capital of Lithuania - and Lithuania appealed for help. The league used moral condemnation but nothing else as Britain and France didn’t want to anger Poland
When and what happened with the aaland islands issue
In 1921, Finland and Sweden were threatening to fight over the Aaland islands. The league ruled that the islands would be disarmed and go to Finland, Sweden accepted it.
When and what happened with Corfu
In 1923, Italy occupied corfu as Mussolini blamed Greece for the murder of an Italian general and demanded compensation and execution of the murderers. Mussolini got his way and Greece had to apologise and pay compensation. Mussolini withdrew troops on the 27th of September
When and what happened in Bulgaria during the 1920s
In 1925, Greek troops invaded Bulgaria after an incident at the border killed some Greek soldiers. Both countries had to stand down and Greece had to pay £45,000 in compensation and was threatened with sanctions
When and What happened with upper Silesia in the 1920s
In 1921, both Poland and Germany wanted to control it as it was inhabited by both and was rich in iron and steel. A peaceful plebiscite took place and the region was divided between the two
When and what happened with Mosul
In 1924, the people of Mosul didn’t want to be under British control as they were Muslim and turkey claimed the area. League confirmed British rule
When and what happened with the Washington treaty
In 1922, the US refused to support the league and held its own conference in Washington. Made to sort out the tensions between US and Japan. This conference agreed that US and UK should have the same size navy while the Japanese should have 3/5s of it.
Undermined league
when was and what happened with the Rapallo treaty
In 1922, Lloyd George organised an international conference to solve German and French issues over German reparations and level of disarmament. USA didn’t attended and Germany and France continued to disagree. However Germany and the USSR made a treaty to agree to cooperate on military planning. This allowed Germany to get weapons banned under the TofV
When and why did France invade the Ruhr
In 1923, France invaded the Ruhr as Germany didn’t pay the reparations they owed
When and what was the Geneva protocol
It was Frances way of giving the league military power as they were scared if a strong Germany. This protocol was rejected in 1924
What and when was the Dawes plan
In 1924, it helped sort out Germanys economic crisis and helped Britain and Frances economy. It focused on increasing profits so American loans would be paid back and industry would be rebuilt. This would lead to increase international trade and employment
What and when did the Locarno treaty happen
In 1925, allowed Germany to join league and Germany accepted its western borders
What was the Kellogg Briand pact
In 1927, 65 nations agreed not to use force to settle disputes and Germany accepted its borders
What was the young plan
In 1929 it reduced German reparations to £2 billion
What did the Great Depression do
Countries turned oversee expansion to solve problems (Abyssinia and Manchuria)
Extremist parties more popular (Nazi)
More tariffs and less international trading
US no longer lending money
Industry contracts and employment dereases
When was the wall street crash
October 1929
When and what happened with the Manchurian Crisis
Japan was struggling with the economic crash - increasing population (1 mill a yr growth)
Japan invaded Manchuria for living space and raw materials in Sept 1931
Set up a puppet government called Manchukuo
LoN ordered Lytton inquiry
Japan left league in 1933 and continued to invade
What was the Mukden incident
The explosion of the south manchurian railway (owned by Japan)
Japan claimed it was Chinese sabotage and used it as an excuse to invade
What was the Lytton inquiry
The leagues inquiry into the Manchurian crisis that was under Lord Lytton that took nearly a yr
In favour of china
Why didn’t the league stop Japan with the Manchurian crisis
Far away - league based in Europe
US was japans main trading partner
Couldn’t stop Japan from leaving league
Didn’t want to start a war - Fr + Br wanted to protect their colonies
When and what happened with the Abyssinian Crisis
Depression caused Mussolini to want to distract his ppl by building an empire
In 1934 there was a dispute between Italian and Ethiopian troops in Abyssinia - used as an excuse to invade
League imposed sanctions on arms, rubber, tin and metals but not oil and coal (didn’t want to dmg British industry)
Suez Canal not closed
Hoare-Laval pact
What was the hoare loval pact
Frances and Britains pact to give Italy 2/3s of Abyssinia without the LoNs knowledge. Caused everyone to lose faith in league as leading members were too interested in helping themselves
What distracted ppl from the a Abyssinian crisis
Germanys invasion of the Rhineland in 1936
What were the reasons for the failure of the League of Nations
Great Depression, Self-interest of Britain + France, Exclusion of countries, Abyssinia, Manchuria, organisation, euro-centric
