How Important Were Other Fronts Flashcards
When was the battle of Heligoland Blight?
28th August 1914
When was the battle of the Falkland Islands
8th December 1914
When was the battle of Coronel
1st of Nov 1914
Where did the German Navy bombard during ww1
Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool
When was the bombardment of Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool?
16th December 1914
When was the battle of Dogger Bank
24th of January 1915
What happened in the battle of Heligoland Blight
700 Germans killed, 6 German ships sunk and 35 British lost
What happened in the battle of the Falkland Islands
It was a 5hr battle and 3hr chase and was the British retaliation against Coronel. 4 German ships lost, 1871 Germans dead and 10 Brits lost.
What happened in Coronel?
German Admiral Von Spec sank 2 British cruisers and killed 1,600 brits in one hour
How many died in the bombardment of Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool
137
What happened at Dogger Bank?
German armoured cruiser was sank and 954 Germans were lost. British miscommunication led to Germans escaping
What was Jutland
Germany’s attempted at breaking through the British blockade
When was the battle of Jutland
May 1916
Who were the German admirals in Jutland
Hipper and Scheer
Who were the British admirals at Jutland
Beatty and Jellicoe
What happened at Jutland
Hipper lured Beatty down to Scheer. Beatty retreated to Jellicoe. Jellicoe creates a 6 mile blockade which causes the Germans to retreat. Germans didn’t leave port afterwards
What were the losses at Jutland
Brit - 14 ships, 6000 men
Ger - 11 ships, 2500 men
What was unrestricted submarine warfare
The policy that the Germans would gun down every ship, even those belonging to neutral nations
When did Germany restart unrestricted submarine warefare
Jan 31st 1917
When was the sinking of Lusitania
7th May 1915
How many passengers did the Lusitania have
2000
Why did the Germans sink the Lusitania
Because they thought it had allied ammunitions on board
How many people died because of the sinking of the Lusitania
1,153 deaths , 114 which were americans
Why did Germany call off the U-boat campaign the first time
Bc the US was angry about the Lusitania
What were the methods the British used against Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Q ships - disguised merchant ships
Mines
Convoy system - merchant ships in groups escorted by battle ships and planes
Why was the convoy system effective
Made it harder + more dangerous to attack
May 1917 - Nov 1918 only 168 ships sunk
What was the Gallipoli Campaign?
A way to end the stalemate on the western front by attacking through the soft underside of Europe ( turkey). It originally planned to do a naval attack on the Dardanelles
When was the first naval bombardment in the Gallipoli campaign and what was the result
18th feb 1915, Turkish forts were fine, mines in sea destroyed ships (which were old)
How many troops were sent to Gallipoli
70,000
Who was in charge of the Gallipoli campaign
Sir Ian Hamilton
What did the Turks do to prepare for an attack in Gallipoli
Strategic troop placement, built defences and roads, trained troops
What was wrong with the planning of Gallipoli
Hamilton was inexperienced, 6 weeks to plan, Turks noticed a build up of troops
Who was general stopford
General of Gallipoli campaign, he landed troops in the dark and left them on the beach for two days withought orders
He had never seen wartime action
What was the second Gallipoli campaign plan
6 simultaneous landings and 2 diversions
When did the Gallipoli landings begin
25th April 1915 at 4am
Where was the first landing and who did it
Gaba Tepe and the anzacs landed there
Which landing in the Gallipoli campaign was a failure
V beach - in 3 and a half hours only 200 got on shore
How many men were on the Gallipoli shores after the landing
30,000
By how much did the Turks outnumber the allies
3 to 1
What were the frontline conditions in Gallipoli like
1000 men a week got dysentery, lots of wounded, scarce water, bad smells, hot, dusty, vultures and flies
What happened at Sulva bay
Successful landing on the 6th of August 1915 and they ended up on the beach brewing tea
Who replaced Hamilton in October
Monro and he decided to evacuate the peninsula
Gallipoli campaign allied casualties
31,000 dead
73,000 injured
93,000 sick
What happened in November 1915 in Gallipoli
There was a blizzard
What were some of the problems with supplies in the Gallipoli campaign
No accurate maps, old ships, often left without proper ammunitions, poor rations and water supplies
When did Russia invade east Prussia
Aug 17th 1914
How many German soldiers were sent from the west to fight the Russians
100,000
When was the battle of Tannnenberg and how many were lost
26th - 30th of August. 170,000 Russian casualties and 20,000 German casualties
What happened at the battle of Tannenburg
Russian 2nds was ahead of the Russian 1sts - split by Masurian lakes
German attacked 2nds and used railways to get there
Russian messages weren’t encrypted
Samsonov shot himself after it
Who were the russian commanders at tannenburg
Russian - Renneskampf and Samsonov
What happened at the battle of the Masurian Lakes
It pushed Russia out of east Prussia and they retreated to their border
125,000 russian casualties and 10,000 German casualties
When was the battle of Masurian Lakes
Sept 7th to 14th 1914
What was the Gorlice offensive
Combined Austro-German forces that pushed Russia back and was a 4 month battle
When did the Gorlice offensive start
1st May 1915
Who was in charge during the gorlice offensive
Ger - Mackenson
How much months worth of land did Russia lose because of the Gorlice offensive
8 months of russian gains lost in 1 week
How many Russian prisoners were taken in the first week of the Gorlice offensive
30,000
When did the tsar take control of the Russian army
Aug 1915
Why was the Brusilov offensive launched
Russians needed a wartime win and it would be coordinated with the launch of the somme
What happened with the Brusilov offensive
Launched June 4th 1916, captured Lutsk on June 8th. Communication and supply lines were strained. Bc Russians weren’t able to supply the front line, Germany had the advantage. Germans were able to push Russia out. Trust in the Tsar died
How many casualties in the brusilov offensive
1 mill Russians, 1 to 1.5 mill Austrians and 350,000 germans
Why and when did Russia leave the war
Left bc of fuel + food shortages, 2mill soldiers killed, ammunition + supply shortages and unemployment. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on 3rd of March 1918
When was the Bolshevik revolution
Oct 1917
When did the tsar abdicate
Feb 1917
Why did Russia not have a good military
Russia was poorly led, badly equipped army (1 gun per 10 men). No encryption and 800mile front to defend
What was Dora
It was the defence of the realm act
What were some Dora restrictions
No binoculars, no bonfires or fireworks, no church bells, government could censor newspapers and take over any factory, unused land or workshop, watered down beer and pub hours reduced, rationing and no bread to horses, dogs or chickens
How did propaganda help with recruitment
12mill posters published in 1 yr
20,000 volunteered in a day
Rallies in recruitment centres (made ppl feel special)
Pals battalions
What was the derby scheme
It was launched in 1915 and a way to increase recruitment. You signed up and would volunteer to serve when needed
When was conscription introduced
Jan 1916 - single men
May 1916 - married men
Why was conscription needed
Heavy losses in Gallipoli and western front
Dwindling volunteers - reality of war sunk in
What were conscientious objectors
Exempt from battle because it was against conscience/religion
Verified by a tribunal
Why was propaganda used
To raise morale
Inspire hatred of enemy
Encourage behaviour to help war effort
Encourage rationinc
How was women work affected by the war
Took over mens jobs - munitionettes (900,000 women by end of war)
Within 6 months of women going into factories, ammo was produced 20 times faster
Most jobs given back to men after the war
How did women behaviour change bc of the war
Go out without chaperones
Could wear more comfortable and practical clothing + uniform
More freedom to drink, smoke and mix with others
Women would hand out white feathers (cowardice) to young men not in uniform
How were womens rights affected by the war
Suffragettes supported war effort
Mrs Pankhurst organised a march to encourage employment of women i factories
Nov 1918 - votes for women over 30 and all men. Women could stand as mps
