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History 😭 > KQ4 Who was to blame for the Cold War > Flashcards

KQ4 Who was to blame for the Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Yalta conference

A

Feb 1945

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2
Q

Who was involved in the Yalta conference

A

Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin

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3
Q

What were the agreements at Yalta

A

Germany to be divided into 4 zones
Stalin to enter a war with Japan once Germany is defeated
UN to be set up, with 5 permanent members of the security council
European countries to have free elections
Germany had to pay $20 billion in reparations

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4
Q

What were some of the disagreements at Yalta

A

Polish borders and new government (Lublin vs London Poles)
meaning of free elections (capitalism vs communism)

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5
Q

When was the Potsdam conference

A

July-August 1945

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6
Q

Who was involved in the Potsdam conference

A

Attlee, Truman and Stalin

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7
Q

Disagreements at Potsdam

A

Didn’t agree on how to disarm, demilitarise and de-nazify Germany
Truman challenged Polish borders but had to accept them in the end
Truman challenged Soviet control of Eastern Europe
USSR wanted access to Ruhr but was rejected
Stalin’s involvement in Japan
Stalin wanted to cripple Germany, Truman didn’t
disagreements over reparations

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8
Q

What increased the tension at potsdam

A

US atomic bomb trials

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9
Q

What and when was Kennan’s long telegram

A

Feb 1946 - was a telegram from US diplomat in Moscow, helped harden attitudes in the USA, as it said that the Soviets were hostile towards the west and their regime was harsh

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10
Q

What and when was the Iron Curtain Speech

A

March 1946 - Churchills speech criticising Soviet expansion and warning Europe of a “new danger”

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11
Q

Which countries were under Soviet control 1945-8

A

Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, East Germany, Albania

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12
Q

What was special about Yugoslavia

A

It was independent from the rest of the satellite states and ran by Marshal Tito

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13
Q

What happened in Czechoslovakia in 1945-8

A

left wing coalition won elections in 1945, in 1946 the communist part became the largest one. In 1948, they banned other parties and made Czechoslovakia a one party state
Czech foreign minister Masaryk was defenistrated

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14
Q

What was the Marshall plan

A

$17 billion was given to Europe in economic aid.
Approved in 1948 after the events in Czechoslovakia
4 year plan that ended in 1952

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15
Q

What was the Soviet response to Marshall plan

A

Stalin forbade communist countries to apply for Marshall aid
Comecon and Cominform were set up

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16
Q

What was Comecon

A

Set up by the USSR to encourage trade between communist countries

17
Q

What was Cominform

A

used to strengthen links between communist countries

18
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine

A

American support that was available to any country threatened by communism.

19
Q

Why was the Truman Doctrine implemented

A

Implemented to help Greece and Turkey as there had been a civil war in Greece where the communist tried to take over. Britain could no longer finance troops in Greece or Turkey to fight the communists so the US stepped in

20
Q

When was the start of the Berlin Blockade

A

June 1948 - lasted 11 months

21
Q

What were the causes of the Berlin Blockade

A

USSR not delivering food to western zones, so the west stopped sending supplies to the Soviet zone in Germany
British + American zones fused to create Bizonia
Deutschmark introduced but wasn’t used in soviet zones
USSR scared of German attack
USA wanted a rapid economic recovery for Germany, USSR was scared of a too strong germany

22
Q

What happened during the Berlin Blockade

A

USSR blocked roads, railways and canals leading to Berlin
Truman ordered aircrafts to supply food, clothing and even guide dogs
Stalin didn’t shoot planes down

23
Q

How many tonnes of food were supplied to Berlin every day by spring 1949

A

8000 tonnes by 1 plane every 2 and a half minutes

24
Q

What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade

A

NATO was established
Further division of Germany
Warsaw pact formed
Berlin remained divided
West Germany received Marshall aid so it was wealthier

25
Q

When was NATO established

A

April 1949

26
Q

When was the Warsaw pact established

A

1955

27
Q

What were the two parts of Germany set up in 1949

A

Federal Republic of Germany (FRG - west)
German Democratic Republic (GDR - east)

28
Q

When and why was Masaryk defenestrated

A

in 1948, because he disagreed with the communist regime

History 😭 (10 decks)

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