KQ4 Who was to blame for the Cold War Flashcards
When was the Yalta conference
Feb 1945
Who was involved in the Yalta conference
Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
What were the agreements at Yalta
Germany to be divided into 4 zones
Stalin to enter a war with Japan once Germany is defeated
UN to be set up, with 5 permanent members of the security council
European countries to have free elections
Germany had to pay $20 billion in reparations
What were some of the disagreements at Yalta
Polish borders and new government (Lublin vs London Poles)
meaning of free elections (capitalism vs communism)
When was the Potsdam conference
July-August 1945
Who was involved in the Potsdam conference
Attlee, Truman and Stalin
Disagreements at Potsdam
Didn’t agree on how to disarm, demilitarise and de-nazify Germany
Truman challenged Polish borders but had to accept them in the end
Truman challenged Soviet control of Eastern Europe
USSR wanted access to Ruhr but was rejected
Stalin’s involvement in Japan
Stalin wanted to cripple Germany, Truman didn’t
disagreements over reparations
What increased the tension at potsdam
US atomic bomb trials
What and when was Kennan’s long telegram
Feb 1946 - was a telegram from US diplomat in Moscow, helped harden attitudes in the USA, as it said that the Soviets were hostile towards the west and their regime was harsh
What and when was the Iron Curtain Speech
March 1946 - Churchills speech criticising Soviet expansion and warning Europe of a “new danger”
Which countries were under Soviet control 1945-8
Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, East Germany, Albania
What was special about Yugoslavia
It was independent from the rest of the satellite states and ran by Marshal Tito
What happened in Czechoslovakia in 1945-8
left wing coalition won elections in 1945, in 1946 the communist part became the largest one. In 1948, they banned other parties and made Czechoslovakia a one party state
Czech foreign minister Masaryk was defenistrated
What was the Marshall plan
$17 billion was given to Europe in economic aid.
Approved in 1948 after the events in Czechoslovakia
4 year plan that ended in 1952
What was the Soviet response to Marshall plan
Stalin forbade communist countries to apply for Marshall aid
Comecon and Cominform were set up
What was Comecon
Set up by the USSR to encourage trade between communist countries
What was Cominform
used to strengthen links between communist countries
What was the Truman Doctrine
American support that was available to any country threatened by communism.
Why was the Truman Doctrine implemented
Implemented to help Greece and Turkey as there had been a civil war in Greece where the communist tried to take over. Britain could no longer finance troops in Greece or Turkey to fight the communists so the US stepped in
When was the start of the Berlin Blockade
June 1948 - lasted 11 months
What were the causes of the Berlin Blockade
USSR not delivering food to western zones, so the west stopped sending supplies to the Soviet zone in Germany
British + American zones fused to create Bizonia
Deutschmark introduced but wasn’t used in soviet zones
USSR scared of German attack
USA wanted a rapid economic recovery for Germany, USSR was scared of a too strong germany
What happened during the Berlin Blockade
USSR blocked roads, railways and canals leading to Berlin
Truman ordered aircrafts to supply food, clothing and even guide dogs
Stalin didn’t shoot planes down
How many tonnes of food were supplied to Berlin every day by spring 1949
8000 tonnes by 1 plane every 2 and a half minutes
What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade
NATO was established
Further division of Germany
Warsaw pact formed
Berlin remained divided
West Germany received Marshall aid so it was wealthier
When was NATO established
April 1949
When was the Warsaw pact established
1955
What were the two parts of Germany set up in 1949
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG - west)
German Democratic Republic (GDR - east)
When and why was Masaryk defenestrated
in 1948, because he disagreed with the communist regime
