Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Extra Stuff CCI Review > Know It Pt.9 > Flashcards

Know It Pt.9 Flashcards

1
Q

The etiology of HCM is ______but may be transmitted by an __________ with ____ penetrance

A

Idiopathic; autosomal dominant gene; variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ASH stands for?

A

Asymmetric septal hyper trophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

SAM stands for?

A

Systolic anterior motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

IHSS stands for?

A

Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HOCM stands for?

A

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

IHSS is?

A) SAM & HCM
B)SAM
C)ASH
D)SAM & ASH

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HOCM is?

A) SAM & HCM
B)SAM
C)ASH
D)SAM & ASH

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which cardiomyopathy is autosomal dominant?

A) dialated
B) Infiltrative
C)Hypertrophic
D)restrictive

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HCM has _____ dysfunction

A

Diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HCM had a myocardial ______ disarray

A

Fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

With HCM there’s increased LV hypertorphy and _______load. This causes _____issues and results in _____ dysfunction which results in _____ enlargement.

A

Afterload; filling; diastolic; LAE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why does HCM result in LAE?

A

Because the LV is hypertrophied, unable to relax and fill and is noncompliant. This results in the LA enlarging and LA not filling properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Due to HCM causing LAE, this can also result in ____

A

MR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which is the most common?

A) HOCM
B)HCM
C)SAM
D) ASH

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IHSSS has what 2 things?

A

SAM & ASH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HOCM has what 2 things ?

A

SAM & HCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

With HOCM it has the thickened ___ which causes the AMVL to ?

A

Septum ; to hit the septum causing an obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MV thickening and scarring may result from?

A

The MV leaflets constantly striking the thick IVS and obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_____ and fibrosis may be present with HCM

A

MAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some symptoms of HCM?

A

-syncope
-sudden death
-arrhythmias
-angina
-DOE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Valsalva or amyl nitrate will ___ the murmur/sound of HCM

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What’s the murmur associated with HCM?

A

Crescendo descendo -systolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 4 variants of HCM?

A

-Sigmoidal
-Reverse curve
-Apical
-Neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which HCM variation is the most common?

A)Apical
B)Neutral
C)Sigmoid
D)Revers curve

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe the Sigmoid HCM variant

A

The septum is thicker- caused AMVL to hit it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe reverse Curve HCM variant

A

Entire IVS curves downward into LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe apical HCM variant

A

Apex is thicker than the rest of the walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe Neutral HCM variant

A

Concentric LVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How common is the sigmoid HCM variant?

A

40-50% most common!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How common is the Reverse curve HCM?

A

30-40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How common is the apical and neutral HCM?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Apical HCM is more common what country?

A

Japan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the etiology of apical HOCM?

A

Genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

With apical HCM on Doppler you will typically see flow ____in mid ____

A

Acceleration ; LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

With apical HCM you will see increased ___ voltage on EKG. And giant negative ___ wave

A

QRS; T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The “ace is spades sign” is?

A

Apical HCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

With HCM the myocardium may a ___ appearance from the ____ disarray

A

Bright; fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

With HCM will you have a small LV cavity or thick LV cavity

A

Small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Pt. With HCM usually have ____ LV contraction or _____ LV contraction

A

Hyperdyanmic ; normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Thickness of ventricular walls with HCM may be ____ or ____

A

Asymmetric or symmetric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

If the HCM is asymmetric what is the septal to PW ratio?

A) >1.3-2
B)<1.3-1
C)>1.3 to 1
D)<1.2-2

A

C) >1.3-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Duration of septal contact with the AMVL will increase with ___ or ____ of the pt. Is NOT on beta blockers

A

Valsalva or amyl nitrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

If the pt. Is on beta blockers will valsalva or amyl nitrate increase the septal contact sound?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

With HOCM there will a _____ closure of Av

A

Mid systolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

If HCM is obstructive what occurs to the AV?

A

Mid systolic closure of AV due to obstruction shutting the AV early

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

LVOT obstruction causes the AV to?

A) flutter in systole
B)close mid systole
C)flutter in systole
D)close late systole

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Another name for SAM is?

A

IHSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

HCM will show what kind of MV diastolic dysfunction filling pattern?

A) Restrictive
B) Pseudo normal
C)Abnormal relaxation
D) none of the above

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The IVRT will be right before the?

A

E wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the Doppler spectrum of a HCM look like?

A

Dagger shaped (late peaking jet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

With HCM have a decreased or increased E/A ratio?

A

Increased

52
Q

The ____ peaking ___ jet often seen with ____ is also called

A

Late; systolic; HCM; dagger shaped

53
Q

A late peaking Doppler jet (dagger shape) goes with?

A)ASH & HOCM
B) HOCM & IHSS
C) IHSS
D) ASH & SAM

A

B

54
Q

What is the drug Inderal?

A

Best blocker

55
Q

Beat blockers will ____ SAM with excercise. Hence why we ask patients to ___ take their beta blockers before a stress echo

A

Decrease; not

56
Q

With HOCM or IHSS you get a mid_____ or subaortic gradient due to the _____

A

Ventricular; obstruction

57
Q

What are 2 treatments for HCM?

A

-ETOH -Ethanol alcohol septal ablation

-Surgical Septal Myectomy

58
Q

Surgical Septal Myectomy involves?

A

Open heart surgery to remove thickened
myocardium

59
Q

ETOH ablation treatment involves?

A

Non surgical procedure

A catheter put into the groin up into the aorta then into the vessel that feeds that IVS.

Doctor injects alcohol into thick area to kill the area causing the thickness to shrink due to alcohol toxicity

60
Q

What is a contradiction to amyl nitrate?

A

Allergic to nitrates
Severe fixed AS
Recent CVA
Hemodynamic instability

61
Q

Strain measures the?

A

Deformation within the myocardium

62
Q

What is the acoustic signature in tissue what strain software tracks called?

A

Speckle

63
Q

Strain is a ____ number

A

Unitless

64
Q

Normal GLS is?

A

-16- to -20% or more

65
Q

GLS with HOCM is typically?

A)+20%
B)-10%
C)-20%
D)+16%

A

B

66
Q

People think strain changes before the ____ does

A

EF

67
Q

HOCM pt. Have lower strain pattern of -____ to -____ % typically

A

-8 to -10

68
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy is also called?

A

Congestive

69
Q

What are some etiologies of Dilated cardiomyopathy ?

A

-idiopathic
-Ischemic
-Peripartum
-Toxic
-Infective (viral, bacterial, fungal Chagas)
-metabolic (thiamine deficiency)

70
Q

What are some infectious etiologies of dilated Cardiomyopathy?

A

Fungal
Parasitic
Bacteria
Viral
Chagas

71
Q

What are some toxic etiologies of dialated cardiomyopathy?

A

Alcohol, lead, cobalt or adriamycin poisoning

72
Q

What is adriamycin poisoning? And which cardiomyopathy is it consistent with

A

A cancer drugs that is toxic, associated with dilated cardiomyopathy

73
Q

What is Chagas’ disease?

A

Tropical parasite that causes posterior and apical thinning of the septum

74
Q

What affect does Chagas’ disease have on the heart?

A

Tropical parasite that causes posterior and apical thinning of the septum

75
Q

What Tropical parasite that causes posterior and apical thinning of the septum associated with dilated cardiomyopathy)

A

Chagas’ disease

76
Q

Chagas’ disease is associated with which cardiomyopathy?

A

Dilated

77
Q

What is a thiamin deficiency?

A

A vitamin found in food that can reduce systemic vascular clearance decreasing cardiac function

78
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy have increased LV ____

A

Mass

79
Q

What is thin walled by has dilated chamber?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

80
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy has ____ dysfunction due to multi chamber ___

A

Systolic ; dilation

81
Q

What are some symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

-edema
-fatigue
-Dyspena

82
Q

Murmurs of the ___ valve and ___ valve are usually present with dilated cardiomyopathy

A

MV & TV

83
Q

True or false- pt. With dilated cardiomyopathy usually have bradycardia

A

False! Tachycardia

84
Q

What is pulses alternans?

A

Alternating strong and weak pulses

85
Q

Alternating strong and weak pulses is called?

A

Pulses alternans

86
Q

Pulses alter and is commonly seen with what cardiomyopathy?

A

Dilated

87
Q

What is the B-notch or B-bump on MV m-mode?

A

After the E/A MV has a little extra wave known as a b-bump.

It’s a sign of increased LVEDP

88
Q

The B-notch is a sign of?

A

Increased LVEDP

89
Q

What cardiomyopathy is the B-notch sign on m-mode associated with?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

90
Q

A EPSS of > ____ is an increased EPSS

A

> 7mm

91
Q

What is the double diamond sign on m-mode a sign of?

A

A sign of reduced MV excursion or moment

92
Q

What does the double diamond m-mode sign look like ?

A

Increased echoes of the AMVL to the PMVL creating a double diamond

93
Q

What cardiomyopathy is a double diamond sign typically seen with ?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

94
Q

2D post cardiac transplant has what famous ?

A

Double atria or bi atrial enlargement

95
Q

What is Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?

A

A stress cardiomyopathy

96
Q

Takotsubo is known as?

A

Broken heart syndrome

97
Q

Takotsubo commonly affects ___ and is a ___ CM

A

Middle aged women; stress

98
Q

Takotsubo usually presents with ?

A

Apical ballooning

99
Q

Takotsbuo usually resolves in?

A

A few weeks

100
Q

What is the stress cardiomyopathy called?

A

Takotsubo

101
Q

What is the most common cause restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

Amyloidosis

102
Q

Restrictive CM is also known as ?

A

Infiltrative

103
Q

Amyloid and Sarcoidosis are what kind of abnormalities?

A) congestive
B)hypertrophic
C)Restrictive
D)Infiltrative

A

D

104
Q

____ is a form of infiltrative cardiomyopathy

A

Sarcoidosis

105
Q

What is Pompes disease?

A

Glycogen storage issue

106
Q

Pompes disease affects what cardiomyopathy?

A

Infiltrative(restrictive)

107
Q

What is the name for excess iron?

A

Hemochromatosis

108
Q

Hemochromatosis is associated with what cardiomyopathy?

A

Infiltrative (restrictive)

109
Q

Endomyocardical fibrosis is associated with what CM?

A

Infiltrative (restrictive)

110
Q

With infiltrative (restrictive) cardiomyopathy there’s a ____ of myocardium that results in ____ ventricular walls what impeded____ filing

A

Infiltration ; rigid ; diastolic

111
Q

Infiltrative (restrictive) cardiomyopathy has ____ dysfunction

A

Diastolic

112
Q

Infiltrative (restrictive) cardiomyopathy has ____ dysfunction

A

Diastolic

113
Q

There’s ___ enlargement with infiltrate (restrictive ) cardiomyopathy. Why so?

A

Bi atrial

Because the ventricles are stiff and rigid (like in HCM) and don’t allow filling so both atria gets backed up

114
Q

What are some symptoms of infiltrative CM

A

-Dyspena
-fatigue
-angina

115
Q

With infiltrative (restrictive) cardiomyopathy there’s a ____ appearance of the myocardium

A

Ground glass

116
Q

Sarcoidosis may infiltrative _____ system leading to a ____ block

A

Conduction ; AV

117
Q

Amyloidosis is described as ?

A

Translucent waxy substance that builds up in the myofibrils

118
Q

With Endomyocardical fibrous the endocardium appears ___ or ____and the ___ valves may been involved

A

Echogenic or scarred ; atrioventricular

119
Q

With Endomyocardical fibrous the endocardium appears ___ or ____and the ___ valves may been involved

A

Echogenic or scarred ; atrioventricular

120
Q

The term “ground glass” appearance id associated with which CM?

A

Infiltrative (restrictive)

121
Q

A restrictive CM has which of the following?

A)increased afterload
B)decreased LV compliance
C) increased preload
D)decreased LA pressure

A

B

122
Q

With infiltrative(restrictive) cardiomyopathy there will be abnormal ____ filling patterns.

A

Diastolic

123
Q

With infiltrative CM the pulmonary vein flow will have a decreased ____ wave

A

s

124
Q

With infiltrative(restrictive) cardiomyopathy there will be abnormal ____ filling patterns.

A

Diastolic

125
Q

With infiltrative CM the MV inflow will have a low ___ wave/velocity

A

A wave

126
Q

What disease processes heard with the pericardial knock versus a friction rub?

A

Friction rub= pericardial effusion

Pericardial knock= constrictive pericarditis

Extra Stuff CCI Review (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions