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Extra Stuff CCI Review > Know It Pt7! > Flashcards

Know It Pt7! Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanical valves are ____ but need ____

A

Durable ; blood thinners

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2
Q

Why do mechanical valves need blood thinners?

A

Because many mechanical valves are made of carbon and titanium & this can cause blood to stick on the valve creating a clot

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of mechanical valves?

A
  • caged ball
    -bi leaflet
    -caged disc
    -tilting disk leaflet
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4
Q

What is the most famous caged ball valve?

A

Starr-Edward’s

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5
Q

Starr-Edward’s valve is what kind of valve?

A

Caged ball

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6
Q

What are 2 famous tiling disc valves?

A

Brork shiley
Metronic hall

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7
Q

Tilting disk valves have how many orifices?

A

2

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8
Q

Bileaflet filing disk have how many orifices?

A

3

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9
Q

What are the 2 valves of bi leaflet tiling disk ?

A

-st.Jude
-Carbomedics

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10
Q

St.jude is a?

A) caged ball
B)tilting disk
C) caged disk
D) bi leaflet tilting disk

A

D

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11
Q

Bio prosthetic valves do not require _____ but are not as ____

A

Blood thinners; durable

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of bio prosthetic valves?

A

Homografts/allografts

Heterografts/Xenografts

Autografts

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13
Q

Homograft is also known as?

A

Allograft

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14
Q

Allograft is also known as?

A

Homograft

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15
Q

A homograft (allograft) is graft that comes from the ____

A

Same species

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16
Q

How are Homografts( allografts) preserved?

A

Crying-preserved

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17
Q

Homografts (allografts) can be ____ or _____

A

Stented or unstented

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18
Q

Homografts (allografts) have what kind of covering cover them ?

A

Dura matter covering

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19
Q

Heterografts are also known as?

A

Xenografts

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20
Q

Xenografts are also known as?

A

Heterografts

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21
Q

Heterografts (xenografts) are what kind of valves?

A

Bio prosthetic valves made from a different species (cow or pig)

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22
Q

What are 2 famous heterograft (xenograft) valves

A

Hancock
Carpentier Edward’s

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23
Q

Hancock valve is what kind of valve?

A

Heterograft (xenograft)

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24
Q

Carpentier Edward’s is what kind of valve?

A

Heterograft (xenograft)

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25
Q

What is a autograft?

A

A valve made from YOUR OWN TISSUE

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26
Q

What kind of covering is in the autograft valves?

A

Fascia Lata (thigh muscle covering)

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27
Q

What valve is a valve made from the same species?

A)autograft
B)Xenograft
C)homograft/allograft
D)Heterograft

A

C

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28
Q

Which valve is cryo preserved?

A)autografts
B)mechanical valves
C)heterografts/xenograft
D)homografts/allograft

A

D

29
Q

Which valve is a valve from a different species?

A) homograft/allograft
B)heterograft/xenograft
C) autograft
D)mechanical valves

A

B

30
Q

Which valve is a valve that is made from your own tissue?

A)autograft
B)homograft/allograft
C)heterograft/xenograft
D)caged ball

A

A

31
Q

Which valve has a facisa lata thigh muscle covering ?

A)caged ball
B)homograft/allograft
C)autograft
D) bi leaflet tilliting disk

A

C

32
Q

Which valves can be stented or unstened?

A)tilting disk
B)autograft
C)Xenograft/heterograftc
D)homograft/allograft

A

D

33
Q

Hancock valve is what kind of valve?

A)caged ball
B)heterograft/xenograft
C)homograft/allograftc
D) tilting disk

A

B

34
Q

Carpenter Edward’s is what kind of valve?

A)caged ball
B)heterograft/xenograft
C)homograft/allograftc
D) tilting disk

A

B

35
Q

Native valves are often replaced for what 3 reasons?

A

-stenosis
-regur
-infection

36
Q

What is the most commonly repaired valve?

A

Mitral valve

37
Q

Valve repairs are becoming more common with what Prosethetic valve?

A

Carpinter

38
Q

Duran rings of annuloplasties are types of?

A

Valve repair methods

39
Q

What are 2 valve repair methods?

A

Duran ring
Annuloplasties

40
Q

What is the Ross procedure for?

A

For treating congenital Aortic stenosis

41
Q

Describe the Ross procedure

A

It involves

  1. Moving the PV into the AV place = autograft
  2. Then putting a homograft in the PV= homograft/allograft
42
Q

What kind of prosthetic valves produce artifacts and shadowing?

A

Mechanical

43
Q

A pt. Having the Ross procedure is what kind of valve procedure?

A) homograft
B)autograft
C)Mechanical valve placement
D)Heterograft/xenograft

A

B) autograft

44
Q

A Ross procedure also requires the ___ and ____. ____ arteries to be moved

A

R & L ; Coronary arteries

45
Q

What are some complication of prosthetic valves?

A

Thrombus
Embolus
Valve degeneration
Valve dehiscine
Ring abscess
Endocarditis
Hemolysis
Perivalvuar leak
Pannus formation

46
Q

What is Hemolysis?

A

Blood cells getting destroyed

47
Q

Which prosthetic valves have a poppet/click ?

A

Mechanical

48
Q

All prosthetic valves have a ______ gradient

A

Transvalvuar

49
Q

Most mechanical valves have some built in____

A

Regurgitation

50
Q

What is the name of the dual valve surgery for congenital aortic stenosis?

A

Ross procedure

51
Q

Echo findings for prosthetic valves are ____ to each different valve

A

Specific

52
Q

To tell you’re looking at a prosthetic valve on 2D echo the valve apparatus will be highly ____ and the valve may mask ____

A

Echogenic ; adjacent structures

53
Q

Mechanical valve motion is best studied with what imaging technique?

A) 2D Echo
B) strain
C) bubble study
D) m- mode

A

D) M-mode

54
Q

We use m-mode to look at mechanical valves because they give us a good idea of the valves?

A

Maximum/disc motion

55
Q

A dehisced valve will move ___ to its attachment

A

Relative

56
Q

What is pannus growth?

A

Host tissue overgrows on the valve

57
Q

Often times prosthetic valves create artifacts & shadowing that can mask its____

A

Regurgitation jet

58
Q

Often times prosthetic valves create artifacts & shadowing that can mask its Regurgitant jet.

Which prosthetic valve placement tends to have a higher effect of this masking?

A

Mitral valve

59
Q

Which prosthetic valve is it easier to see its Regurgitant jet ?

A

Aortic valve

60
Q

With a porcine valve within the RVIT. How many struts of the prosthetic valve are you usually able to see?

A

2

61
Q

Prosthetic valves should be checked for ___ leaks around the ____ ring

A

Peri-prosthetic ; ring

62
Q

Sometimes evaluating MR with a mechanical valve on TTE is difficult. What else can they do to see that MR?

A

TEE

63
Q

With prosthetic valves always measure ___ & ___ gradients across ___ valves

A

Peak & mean ; all

64
Q

Gradients with prosthetic valves may be higher with what singular valve?

A

Starr Edward’s ball and cage valve

65
Q

The normal PHT for a mitral prosthetic valve is?

A)8mmhg
B)1-3msec
C)<170msec
D)>280msec

A

C

66
Q

What is the general velocity for MV prosthetic valve?

A

1.5-3 m/sec velocity

67
Q

What is the general gradient for MV prosthetic valve?

A

3-7mmhg

68
Q

What is the general velocity for AV prosthetic valve?

A

2-3 m/sec velocity

69
Q

What is the general gradient for AV prosthetic valve?

A

14-20mmhg

Extra Stuff CCI Review (18 decks)

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