Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Extra Stuff CCI Review > Know It Pt5! > Flashcards

Know It Pt5! Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 primary valve diseases that cause MR?

A

-MVP
-Rheumatic Stenosis
-endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Papillary muscle dysfunction can be due to _____ MR

A

Ischemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A ____chordae tendineae can cause ____

A

Ruptured ; MR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Congenital valve abnormalities can cause ____

A

MR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Annulus ____ or ___ can cause MR

A

Dilation or calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

With MR the first thing to occur is ____ in the LA then that leads to ___ of the LA

A

Volume overload; dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

With MR what 2 chambers become dilated due to volume overload?

A

LA & LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MR is what kind of murmur?

A

Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Long standing MR leads to symptoms of ____ & ____ complicated by LV dysfunction

A

CHF & PHTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ prolapse causes MR

A

MVP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some mitral valve abnormalities that you may see on echo with MR?

A
  • MVP
    -MAC
    -Rheumatic stenosis
  • Myxomatous leaflets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are - Myxomatous leaflets?

A

A valve disease associated with other diseases.

Causes thick MV leaflets and chorade creating a loss of mechanical leaflet integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____ dilation & ____ may be present with MR

A

LV; hyper contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the MV scallop view from the sonographers prospective?

A

A3,A2,A1 on top AMVL
P3, P2, P1 on bottom PMVL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the MV scallop view from the surgeon prospective?

A

A1,A2,A3 on top AMVL
P1,P2,P3 on bottom PMVL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A vena contracta of a MR jet may be seen with which cardiomyopathy?

A) Restrictive
B) infiltrative
C) Dilated
D)HOCM

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 parts of a MR jet?

A
  1. Flow of convergence ( dome of flow)
  2. Vena contracta
  3. Jet size
  4. Down stream affect of pulm veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If the vena contracts of a MR jet is > or equal to ____ cm it’s severe MR

A

> or equal to 0.7cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is meant by the downstream affect of the MR Jet?

A

How it affects the pulmonary veins & if there’s pulmonary vein flow reversal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does PISA stand for?

A

Proximal isovelocity surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is PISA used to estimate?

A

EROA ( effective regur office area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PISA assumes the radius (r) of the ____ occurs at the same time as the peak regurgitant MRvelocity.

A

Flow of convergence dome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PISA method is able to provide us with what 3 valves?

A

-EROA
-Regurgitant flow
-Regurgitant volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the l steps of PISA?

A
  1. Zoom in on MR
  2. Take images with and without color
  3. LOWER baseline aliasing velocity to -30 to -40cm/s
  4. Measure r - radius of vena contracta
  5. Take CW Doppler of MR and VTI trace it
25
Q

With PISA what should do with your baseline aliasing velocity?

A

Lower it to -30 to -40

26
Q

To calculate PISA & EROA what 3 things did you need to measure?

A
  1. CW VTI of MR jet ( VTI)
  2. Peak revue velocity (V-max) given when you do VTI anyway
  3. R-radius of vena contracta
27
Q

What does r mean in the PISA math?

A

Radius of vena contracta

28
Q

What does Va in the PISA math mean?

A

Aliasing velocity ( baseline / VTI)

29
Q

What does PkVreg in the PISA math mean?

A

Regurgitant amount of volume ( VMAX)

30
Q

What is the regurgitation volume formula?

A

EROA X VTI of MR

31
Q

What is the mild, mod & severe vena contracta for MR?

A

Mild= <0.3cm
Mod=0.3-0.69 cm
Severe= > or equal to 0.7cm

32
Q

What is the mild, mod & severe EROA?

A

Mild = <0.2cm

Mod = 0.2-0.39cm

Severe = > or equal to 0.4cm

33
Q

What is the mild, mod & severe Regurgitation volume ?

A

Mild= <30ml

Mod= 30-59ml

Severe= > of equal to 60ml

34
Q

What is the Conda effect?

A

When regur jets hug the walls and causes us to underestimate the jet size

35
Q

What’s another name for the Conda effect?

A

Eccentric jets

36
Q

If you suspect severe MR where else should you take a look?

A

Pulmonary veins

37
Q

What does JA/LAA ratio stand for?

A

Jet area / left atrial area

38
Q

You obtain the JA/LAA in what 2 views?

A

AP4 & AP2

39
Q

What is the mild, mod & severe JA/LAA ratio?

A

Mild= <20%
Mod= 20-39%
Severe= > or equal to 40%

40
Q

Pulmonary vein ____ reversal indicates severe MR

A

Systolic reversal or decreased S wave in pulm veins

41
Q

The greatest source of error in measuring in PISA with?

A) length of regur jet
B) vena contracts measurement
C)radius of flow convergence
D) peak velocity measurement

A

C)

42
Q

What is dp/dt a measurement of?

A

LV myocardial directional contractility

43
Q

Which is a measurement of LV myocardial directional contractility ?

A) EDV-ESV
B) P=4v2
C) EROA x VTI
D) DP/dt

A

D

44
Q

Dp/dt describes the rate in ___rise in the LV during ____

A

Pressure ; systole

45
Q

In a patient with normal LV systolic function the Dp/dt there’s ___ raise in ____ pressure in systole

A

Rapid ; systolic

46
Q

In a pt. That has impaired LV systolic function the rate in squeezing systolic pressure is _____ therefore dp/dt starts to ___

A

Lower ; falll

47
Q

Dp/dt is measured in which?

A) mmhg
B) Cm
C) %
D) mm

A

A

48
Q

Dp/dt is ____ to measure even in the cath lab

A

Difficult

49
Q

In the echo lab where is our dp/dt measurement taken from?

A

CW MR Doppler jet

50
Q

What is a normal LV dp/dt?

A

> 1200mmhg/sec

51
Q

What is the formula for dp/dt?

A

32 / MR jet going from 1-3m/sec

52
Q

When measuring the dp/dt MR jet ensure your sweep speed is?

A

High as possible to “spread out the trace”

53
Q

How do you measure the dp/dt?

A

32/ MR get from 1-3m/sec

Measure slope of MR from 1-3msec

54
Q

Dp/dt is not reliable if the MR is ___ or if there is significant increased _____

A

Acute ; afterload

55
Q

A systolic MR velocity of ____ to ____ m/sec indicates high gradient between LA & LA in systole

A

4.5 to 5 m/sec

56
Q

Left atrial pressure can be calculated from the ____ peak velocity

A

MR

57
Q

What is the formula for LAP calculation with MR?

A

Systolic BP - MR gradient

58
Q

Calculate LAP from a MR Doppler

SBP = 120mmhg
MR= 5m/sec

A
  1. Convert the 5m/sec with the bernloui equation
  2. Then you have your MR and put into the equation

Answer = 20mmhg

Extra Stuff CCI Review (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions