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Extra Stuff CCI Review > Know It! > Flashcards

Know It! Flashcards

1
Q

What is a normal TAPSE ?

A

> or equal to 1.7cm

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2
Q

What’s a secondary finding of a BIcuspid AV?

A

Aortic coarcation

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3
Q

Which pulmonary vein is best seen in AP4?

A

Right & left lower! ( mostly the right)

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4
Q

How do you rotate the transducer to get 2 ch?

A

120 degrees counter clockwise

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5
Q

To visualize the CS in AP4 how should you tilt your transducer?

A

Posterior

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6
Q

Which valve sits at the opening of the coronary sinus?

A

Thesbein valve

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7
Q

With pulmonary vein Doppler how can you tell where you’re S is?

A

S wave occurs Right after the QRS

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8
Q

With pulmonary vein Doppler which represents atrial contraction?

A

A wave

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9
Q

What are some conditions for a TEE?

A

Aortic Dissections
Prosthetic valves
Source of a embolus
Thrombus
Endocarditis

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10
Q

At what temp is it unsafe to use a TEE probe?

A

40-45 degrees

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11
Q

What pulmonary vein do you se in a TEE at the LAA?

A

Left upper pulm vein

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12
Q

List the TEE views and their degrees?

A

Ap4- 0-10
Ap5-0-10
AP2 commissure- 50-70
Ap2 - 80-100
Ap3-120-180

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13
Q

What is the normal electrical activity of steps of the heart?

A

SA NODE
AV NODE
BUNDLE OF HIS
BRANCHES
PURKINJE FIBERS

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14
Q

Whats it called when a muscle cell is not excitable?

A

Absolute refractory period

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15
Q

What’s it called when a muscle cell may contract is the stimulus is strong enough?

A

Relative refractory phase 3

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16
Q

What’s the law regarding a length- tension relationship?

A

Frank starling law

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17
Q

What’s the calculation for SV?

A

EDV-ESV

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18
Q

What’s a normal SV range?

A

70-100ml

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19
Q

What’s the calculation for EF?

A

SV/EDV x 100

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20
Q

What’s a normal EF?

A

> 53%

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21
Q

What’s the calculation for CO?

A

SV x HR

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22
Q

What’s a normal CO range?

A

4-6L

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23
Q

Which modality doesn’t allow for EF calculation?

A) 2D echo
B) chest x-ray
C) cardiac angiogram
D) cardiac nuclear study

A

B) Chest x -ray

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24
Q

What the modified bernouli ?

A

P = 4v 2

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25
Q

The nyquist limit is ____ the PRF

A

1/2

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26
Q

Aliasing with PW Doppler occurs faster with a high or low frequency transducer?

A

With a high frequency transducer PW Doppler aliases faster

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27
Q

How do you eliminate aliasing on a PW Doppler?

A

Switch to continuous

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28
Q

How do you get the Doppler SV?

A

VTI x CSA

VTI is the trace of MV & AV in CW

CSA IS 0.785 x diamter

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29
Q

How do you get the CSA?

A

0.785 x diameter 2

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30
Q

What is the normal VTI trace for the MV?

A

12cm

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31
Q

What’s the normal VTI trace for AV in CW?

A

20cm

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32
Q

Inspiration increases?

A

Venous return

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33
Q

Expiration decreases?

A

Venous return

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34
Q

Standing up ____ venous return & SV

A

Decreases

35
Q

Possible Echo findings in sarcoid heart disease include?

A) ASH
B) dilation of ascending aorta
C) concentric LVH
D) posterobasal aneurism

A

D

36
Q

Clinical evidence of a porcine valve dysfunction is most likely to be seen when leaflets are thicker than?
A) 1mm
B) 2mm
C) 3mm
D 4mm

A

C)

37
Q

Possible reasons for the development of MR following an acute MI include all except?

A) fibrosis of pap muscle
B) incomplete closure of MV
C) MVP
D) pap muscle rupture

A

C

38
Q

With wolff- Parkinson’s white type B syndrome includes what details of the IVS?

A

Sharp brief systolic downward posterior dip of IVS

39
Q

What’s the normal LV internal dimension at end/diastole by m-mode?

A

56mm

40
Q

Which coronary artery has a branch called the circumflex artery?

A

LCA

41
Q

Which formula is used to calculate peak gradient in coarctation of the aorta?
A) 220/PHT
B) P= 4v2
C) CSA x VTI
D) 4 (V2^2V1^2)

A

D

42
Q

Echo findings for chronic TR include?

A

Paradoxical septal motion

43
Q

When compared with angiographic volumes. Echo ventricular volumes are?

A

Smaller

44
Q

The most common etiology of systemic hypertension is?

A

Idiopathic

45
Q

In PLAX - severe As is defined as AV leaflet separation that measures?

A) < or equal to 8mm
B) < or equal to 10mm
C) > 14mm
D) < 12mm

A

A)< or equal to 8mm

46
Q

TR leaflets that are found in a fixed semi -open position with diffuse thickening are found in?

A) cardiac hemochromatosis
B) Cardiax amyloidosis
C) carninoid heart disease
D) cardiac sarcoidosis

A

C

47
Q

The best Doppler method for evaluating AV replacement is?

A) peak instaneous gradient
B) deceleration slope
C) PHT
D velocity ratio

A

D

48
Q

A LA dimension of 68mm is described as?

A

Severely dilated

49
Q

Turner’s syndrome is strongly associated with what disease?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

50
Q

O2 sample is taken at the SVC at 74% and the RA at 88%. What best describes this?

A) PDA
D) VSD
C) ASD
D) MVP

A

C

51
Q

Post stenosis dilation of the main pulmonary artery is a 2D echo findings for _____ stenosis

A

PA

52
Q

Low frequency diastolic fluttering of the AV closure line on m-nor is a sound of?

A

Cusp rupture of flail AV leaflet

53
Q

What maneuver increases obstruction in pt. With IHSS or Obstructive cardiomyopathy?

A

Valsalava

54
Q

In pt. With MR. Cardiac cath measurements include all of the following except?
A) MVA
B) PA Area
C) PCWP
D) LV systolic/diastolic pressure

A

A

55
Q

Squatting ______ vanish, return, stroke, volume and cardiac output

A

Increases

56
Q

Squatting ___ Aortic regur & ___ IHSS

A

Increases; decreases

57
Q

Hand gripping ____ heart rate,cardiac output & arterial pressure

A

Increases

58
Q

Valsalva has two main phases. What are they?

A

Strain and release

59
Q

During the straining phase of Valsalva it ____ venous return, stroke volume and cardiac output

A

Decreases

60
Q

Most murmurs ____ during straining

A

Decrease

61
Q

During the straining phase of Valsalva, does IHSS increase or decrease

A

Increase

62
Q

During the release phase of Valsalva it _____ venous return cardiac output, and blood pressure

A

Increases

63
Q

Do situps increase or decrease heart rate and blood flow?

A

Increase

64
Q

What is a amyl nitrate?

A

Vasodilator

65
Q

Amyl Nitrate is a ____ that ____ peripheral resistance and ____ heart rate

A

Vasodilator; decreases; increases

66
Q

Inhalation of amyl nitrate ____ after load

A

Decreases ( because the drug is decreasing resistance, hence decreasing hypertrophy and decreasing afterload)

67
Q

Draw wiggers diagram compare answers to page 32

A

Got it

68
Q

When does the IVCT occur in an EKG?

A

After the R

69
Q

When does IVRT occur in Ekg ?

A

After the T wave

70
Q

What is the duration of IVRT

A

<100ms

71
Q

The duration of Isovolumertic relaxation time will be increased with?

A) tachycardia
B) bradycardia

A

B

72
Q

When is the LV volume highest?

A

End diastole

73
Q

When is LA volume the highest?

A

And systole

74
Q

What is the normal arterial pressure?

A

120/80

75
Q

What’s the normal left atrial pressure?

A

10mmhg

76
Q

What valve lives between the LV and aorta?

A

AV (av lives high)

77
Q

Pulmonary hemodyamnics are ___pressure ___ resistance ___ 02 and have ___ RV walls

A

Low; low; ;low ;thin

78
Q

Systemic hemodyamnics are ___pressure ___ resistance ___ 02 and have ___ LV walls

A

High; high; high; thick

79
Q

____% of blood is plasma

A

54

80
Q

___% of blood is RBC’s

A

45

81
Q

_% of blood is platelets and white blood cells

A

1

82
Q

Right sided pressures are approximately ___ of left sided pressure

A

1/5th

83
Q

RA pressure is?
RV pressure is?
PA pressure is?
LA pressure is?
LV pressure is?
AV pressure is?

A

5mmhg
25mmhg
25mmhg
10mmhg
120mmhg
120mmhg

84
Q

With angiography a ___ is injected while ___ films and record results

A

Contrast; cineaginography

Extra Stuff CCI Review (18 decks)

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