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Extra Stuff CCI Review > Know It Pt.6 > Flashcards

Know It Pt.6 Flashcards

1
Q

MVP is ____ movement of one or both MV leaflets into the ____

A

Systolic ; LA

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2
Q

MVP is sometimes linked to ____ ____ disorders such as ________ and may be progressive

A

Connective tissue; Marfans syndrome

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3
Q

MVP is more common in young ___

A

Women (5-10%)

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4
Q

The congenital connective tissue disease that causes aortic dilation and Mitral valve prolapse is called?

A

Marfans syndrome

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5
Q

In Marfans syndrome why does aortic dissections and MVP occur?

A) increased systolic BP
B) aortic arteritis
C) lack of fibrilin
D) lack of collagen

A

C

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6
Q

MVP can also be caused by ______ ______

A

Myxomatous Degeneration

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7
Q

___% of people that have MVP will have ____

A

23% ; Tricuspid valve prolapse

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8
Q

What 5 diseases is MVP associated with?

A

Marfans syndrome
Secundum ASD
WPW
Lupus
Ehelers-Danlos

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9
Q

What is WPW?

A

Wolf Parkinson white syndrome is a congenital heart disorder. It’s a syndrome where people have extra pathways for electrical signals to travel between the heart.

This causes a fast heart beat of over 100

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10
Q

What is Lupus ?

A

Lupus is a autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation by attacking your bodies own tissues and organs and body systems

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11
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos?

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of inherited disorders that affect your connective tissues — primarily your skin, joints and blood vessel walls.

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12
Q

What is vascular Ehlers-Danlos ?

A

A syndrome that can cause the walls of your blood vessels, intestines or uterus to rupture.

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13
Q

What does Gracile Habitus means?

A

Thin for their tall height

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14
Q

What are some symptoms /signs of people that have Marfans syndrome?

A

-Garcia’s habitus (thin for their height)
- joint hyper flexibility
- optic lens dislocation
-high arched palate

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15
Q

With pt. That have Eheler Danlos what things should look for on the echo?

A

MVP
Ao dissection
So dilation

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16
Q

Severe Aortjc aneurysms are greater than?

A) 4.0cm
B) 4.5cm
C)5.0cm
D)7.0cm

A

C

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17
Q

What are the 2 standards for classifying dissections?

A

DeBakey scale
Stanford scale

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18
Q

The Stanford scale for aortic dissections has what classifications? Describe then

A

TYPE A - involves proximal aorta to left subclavian

TYPE B - involves aorta distal to left Subclavian (descending)

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19
Q

The DeBakey scale for aortic dissections has what classifications? Describe then

A

Type 1- Involves ascending & descending dissections

Type 2- Only involves ascending dissection

Type 3- Only involves descending dissection

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20
Q

A good way to remember the Stanford dissecfion scale va. The DeBakey is that the Stanford scale has ___ & ____ like the grades you want to get at the school!

A

A’s & B’s

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21
Q

What’s type 2 of the DeBakey scale?

A

Only ascending dissections

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22
Q

What’s type 3 of the DeBakey scale?

A

Only the descending dissection

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23
Q

What’s type B of the Stanford scale?

A

Distal to the left subclavian dissections

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24
Q

___% of people have Type 1 of the Bebakey scale.

A

60% ; type 1 of DeBakey scale is both ascending & descending

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25
Q

___% of people have Type 3 of the Bebakey scale

A

30%; Type 3 of the debakey scale is descending dissection only

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26
Q

MVP may cause ___ first which can then cause ______

A

MR; LAE

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27
Q

Patients with MVP are usually ____

A

Asymptomatic

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28
Q

What’s the murmur associated with MVP?

A

Mid systolic murmur / with or without click

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29
Q

People with MVP usually have a physical sign of _____ abnormalities

A

Skeletal

30
Q

M-mode of MVP will show?

A) thickened leaflets with mid-late holodiastolic posterior movement. Displacement 2-3mm from C-D points

B) thickened leaflets with mid-late Holosystolic anterior movement. Displacement 2-3mm from C-D points

C) thickened leaflets with mid-late Holosystolic posterior movement. Displacement 2-3mm from C-D points

D) thickened leaflets with mid-late holodiastolic posterior movement. Displacement 2-3mm from D-E points

A

C

31
Q

What two times/views should you never diagnose mitral valve prolapse?

A
  • AP4

-In the presence of a large pericardial effusion

32
Q

The ___ maneuver or _______ drug may provoke MVP

A

Valsalva ; amyl nitrate

33
Q

Which of the following would increase or provoke mitral valve prolapse?

A) beta blocker
B) valsalva
C) calcium channel blocker
D)Atropine

A

B

34
Q

The regurgitation jet direction with MVP will go in what direction if it’s the posterior leaflet prolapsing?

A

If the PMVL is prolapsed the regur jet will go anteriorly.

35
Q

The regurgitation jet direction with MVP will go in what direction if it’s the anterior leaflet prolapsing

A

If the AMVL is prolapsing the regurgitation jet will go posteriorly

36
Q

If a patient has a large pericardial effusion you may falsely notice a ?

A

Pseudo MVP

37
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

Microorganisms that enter the bloodstream that attack and grow on valve tissue

38
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

Microorganisms that enter the bloodstream that attack and grow on valve tissue

39
Q

What are some ways that microorganisms can enter the bloodstream and cause endocarditis?

A

-dental work
-surgery
-IV drug use

40
Q

What is Libman sachs also called?

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

41
Q

What is systemic lupus erythematosus also called?

A

Libmans sachs

42
Q

What is Libman sacks Endocarditis ?

A

A form of non-bacterial endocarditis that is seen in association with systemic lupus erythematosus

43
Q

What is a form of non-bacterial endocarditis that is seen in association with systemic lupus erythematosus?

A

Libmans sachs

44
Q

What is Marantic ?

A

Non-bacterial endocarditis

45
Q

Marantic endocarditis is also called?

A

NBTE- non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis

46
Q

What does NBTE stand for?

A

non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis

47
Q

NBTE or Marantic endocarditis is often seen in which patients?

A

Metastatic disease patients

48
Q

What are the two most common bacteria that caused endocarditis?

A
  • strep
    -staph
49
Q

_____ jets increase risk for endocarditis

A

High velocity

50
Q

What increases your risk for endocarditis?

A) low velocity jets
B) exercise
C) high velocity jets
D) all of the above

A

C

51
Q

Microorganisms seed on abnormal or normal_____

A

Endocardial surfaces

52
Q

What are three examples of endocardial surfaces that microorganisms like to seed on?

A
  • abnormal valves
    -Prosthetic valves
    -Rough surfaces caused by regurgitation jets
53
Q

Microorganisms attached to the ____ side of the valve

A

Flow

54
Q

Which side of the valve does endocarditis usually form on?

A

Flow side (upstream)

55
Q

Endocarditis lesions like to attach to the ___ side of valves which is usually the ____ pressure side

A

Flow; lower

56
Q

IV drug users are at ___% risk for ____ vegetarians

A

75%; tricuspid valve

57
Q

What are some symptoms of endocarditis?

A
  • fever
    -murmurs
    -tachycardia
  • anemia
58
Q

In order to see 2-D vegetations on excel they must be what size?

A)2mm
B)5mm
C1mm
D)3mm

A

D

59
Q

Vegetations nay embolism especially if they’re ___, ___ and ___mm or greater

A

Mobile, predunculated; 5mm

60
Q

What size of vegetations does it make it more likely for it to become an embolus?

A) 2mm
B)3mm
C)5mm
D)1mm

A

C

61
Q

True or false- we can tell between old and new vegetations on echo

A

False! We can’t tell

62
Q

On echo vegetations appear as an area of?

A)decreased echoes
B) increased echoes

A

B

63
Q

Oscillations of vegetations may be seen on m-mode usually when the valve is ___

A

Closed

64
Q

With endocarditis leaflet disruption or ___ may occur

A

Flail leaflet

65
Q

Vegetations on echo may have ?

A) shaggy appearance
B) dumbbell appearance
C) low echo appearance
D)none of the above

A

A

66
Q

With endocarditis ____mitral closure may occur

A

Premature

67
Q

What kind of valves are at increased risk for endocarditis?

A

Prosthetic valves

68
Q

Blood cultures for endocarditis are usually ___% positive

A

90

69
Q

Valves with endocarditis usually have____ lesions

A

Regurgitant lesions

70
Q

If there’s a ring abscess around a valve it may have a ___ flowPattern

A

Continuous

Extra Stuff CCI Review (18 decks)

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