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psychology > knight - resisting social influence > Flashcards

knight - resisting social influence Flashcards

1
Q

What does social influence include?

A

Obedience and conformity

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2
Q

What are the two explanations for resisting social influence?

A

1) social support
2) locus of control

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3
Q

What is social support?

A

The presence of people who resist the pressure to conform or obey and help other to do the same

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4
Q

Why can social support help people resist social influence?

A
  • provides a role model and an ally
  • increases confidence and allows individuals to remain independent
  • NSI and ISI is reduced
  • legitimacy of authority is reduced
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5
Q

What are some evaluations for social support?

A

+ real world evidence
-> Albrecht et al (2006) evaluated an 8 week programme designed to help pregnant teens to resist peer pressure to smoke - when socal support was provided by a slightly older buddy - the participants were significantly less likely to smoke than in a control group
-> giving people social support increases resistance to social influence

+ research evidence for the role of social support in resisting both conformity and obedience
-> conformity - Asch: when a dissenter was introduced, conformity levels dropped to 5.5%
-> obedience - Milgram: when a dissenter was introduced, obedience levels dropped to 10%
-> giving people social support increases resistance to social influence

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6
Q

What is locus of control and who is it proposed by?

A

Rotter (1996): extent in which people believe that they have control over their own lives

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7
Q

What are the types of locus of control?

A

1) internal
2) external

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8
Q

What is internal locus of control?

A

You are in control

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9
Q

What is external locus of control?

A

They are in control

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10
Q

Why are people with an internal locus of control more likely to resist social influence?

A
  • more confident (less affected by ISI)
  • less need for social approval (less affected by NSI)
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11
Q

What are some evaluations of locus of control?

A

+ supported by research evidence
-> Holland (1987) repeated Milgram’s study and measured whether participants were internal or external - 37% of nternals didn’t continue to the highest shock whereas only 27% of externals didn’t continue
-> shows that people with an internal locus of control are less likelyy to conform and obey but more likely to resist social influence

  • the role of locus of control in resisting both conformity and locus of control may only be important in novel situations
    -> Rotter states that in familliar situations, other factors such as past experiences might be more important that locus of control
    -> shows that locus of control may not be useful to explaining resisting social influence in all situations
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12
Q

What are some other explanations for disobedience?

A

-legitimacy of system / authority
-orders given by an authority figure
-lack of proximity of the authority figure
-presence of other disobedient models
-not reocognising authority as legimitate or regading others as legimiate

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13
Q

What is minority social influence?

A

when one person or a small group can change the beliefs and behaviours of others

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14
Q

What are some examples of minority social influence?

A

-black lives matter
-hk protests 2019
-same sex marriage
-just stop oil
-me too campaign

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15
Q

What are the three factors affecting social influence?

A

1) consistency
2) commitment
3) flexibility

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16
Q

How does consistency affect minority social influence?

A
  • makes people rethink their own views
  • draws attention to the cause
  • increases the level of interest from other people
17
Q

What are the two types of consistency?

A

1) synchronic
2) diachronic

18
Q

What is synchronic consistency?

A

Consistency between all members of the group

19
Q

What is diachronic consistenct?

A

Consistency over time

20
Q

What are some examples of how consistency affects minority social influence?

A

Use of the same symbolic slogan or action or colour
-> eg “black lives matter” or “make america great again”

21
Q

How does commitment affect minority social influence?

A

demonstrates dedication to the cause by making personal sacrifices / engaging in extreme activities / experiencing some personal risk
-> draws attention to the cause

22
Q

What is the augmentation principle?

A

Making something bigger

23
Q

What are some examples of how commitment affects minority social influence?

A
  • just stop oil:
    protests
    gluing themselves to the highway
  • greta thumberg:
    going across the globe expressing her ideology
  • petitions / mps
24
Q

How does flexibility affect minority social influence?

A

more likely to engage with the cause

25
Q

What are some examples of how flexibility affects minority social influence?

A
  • listening and considering valid alternative counter arguments and opposing views
  • be adaptable and prepared to compromise
26
Q

What is the snowball effect?

A

gradual process where more people accept the minority view
- deeper processing by people

27
Q

How does social change occur?

A

Through minority social influence

28
Q

What is the study investigating consistency?

A

Moscivici (1969): a consistent minority could influence a majority to give an incorrect answer in a colour perception task

29
Q

What are the findings of Moscovivi’s study?

A

Consistent condition:
two confederates said that all 36 slides were green - participants agreed on 8.4% of the trial

Inconsistent condition:
the confederates said that 24 of the slides were green and 12 were blue - participants only agreed on 1.25% of the trials

30
Q

What does Moscovici’s study show about consistency?

A

Tiny change (snowball effect) but gradually (with consistency), social change occurs

31
Q

What is an evaluation for consistency as a factor affecting minority social influence?

A

+ supported by research
-> Moscovici’s blue slide green slide study showed that a consistent minority opinion has a greater effect on changing the views of other people than an inconsistent minority

32
Q

What is an evaluation for commitment as a factor affecting minority social influence?

A

+ supported by real life events
-> Just stop oil glued themselves to highways, ruined masterpieces in museums, got on top of the london tube just to raise awareness of the issue they campaign - they were successful in grabbing the attention of the public, media and the government by the radical and impressive actions
-> showing commitment to a minority view is more likely to lead to social change

psychology (12 decks)

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