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psychology > jones - psychodynamic approach > Flashcards

jones - psychodynamic approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the psychodynamic approach?

A

A perspective that describes the different forces (dynamics) most which are unconscious that operate on the mind and direct human behaviour and experience.

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2
Q

What did Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) develop?

A

Psychoanalysis (theory of mental life)
-> emphasises the psychodynamics of the mind (forces that operate + inner mental conflicts)
-> therapy: pressure is released by expressing

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3
Q

What are the three levels of the mind according to freud?

A

1) conscious
2) unconscious
3) preconscious

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4
Q

What is the conscious part of the brain?

A

all of the thoughts, memories, feelings, and wishes of which we are aware of

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5
Q

What is the pre-conscious part of the brain?

A

Thoughts and ideas which we can easily gain access to
-> “slips of the tongue”: calling a female teacher “mum” instead of “miss”
-> dreams

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6
Q

What is the unconscious part of the brain? and what is its role?

A

Processes we are not aware of (eg. biological instincts, threatening and disturbing memories)
-> Role: locks away / represses memories that cause anxiety or depression

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7
Q

What is the structure of personality?

A

1) Id
2) Ego
3) Superego

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8
Q

What is the id?

A

-primitive part of personality
-present at birth
-entirely selfish
-demands instant gratification of its needs

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9
Q

What principle is the id based on?

A

Pleasure principle

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10
Q

What are babies called according to Freud?

A

bundles of Id

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11
Q

What is the ego?

A

-develops at around the age of two
-mediator be tween the two other parts of the personality (reduces conflict)
-employs a number of defence mechanisms (unconscious strategies)

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12
Q

What principle is the ego based on?

A

Reality principle

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13
Q

What is the superego?

A

-formed at the end of phallic stage (age of five)
-internalised sense of right and wrong
-represents moral standards of the same sex parent

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14
Q

What principle is the superego based on?

A

Morality
-> punishes the ego for wrongdoing through guilt

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15
Q

What are defence mechanisms?

A

-unconscious strategies
-employed by the ego
-purpose: prevent people from experiencing anxiety caused by the id and the superego
-> protect ego and maintain self esteem

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16
Q

What are the three main defence mechanisms?

A

1) repression
2) denial
3) displacement

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17
Q

What is repression?

A

banishing anxiety arousing thoughts and feelings from conscious part of the brain

18
Q

What is denial?

A

The unwillingness to face or accept unpleasant events

19
Q

What is displacement?

A

Taking out aggression on an object or human other than the one originally directed at

20
Q

What are psychosexual stages?

A

-occurs throughout child development
-failing to resolve conflicts during particular stages will lead to problems later on in life

21
Q

What are the five psychosexual stages?

A

1) oral
2) anal
3) phallic
4) latency
5) genital

22
Q

What psychosexual stage is the id associated with?

A

oral

23
Q

What psychosexual stage is the ego associated with?

A

anal

24
Q

What psychosexual stage is the superego associated with?

A

phallic

25
Q

When do the psychosexual stages throughout child development?

A

1) oral - 0 to 1 years
2) anal - 1 to 3 years
3) phallic - 3 to 5 years

26
Q

What is the description of the oral psychosexual stage?

A

-focus of pleasure is the mouth
-mother’s breast is the object of desire

27
Q

What are the consequences if the conflict is unresolved in the oral stage?

A

oral fixation
-smoking
-biting nails
-sarcastic
-critical
-overreacting

28
Q

What is the description of the anal psychosexual stage?

A

-focus of the pleasure is the anus
-child gains pleasure from withholding and expelling faces

29
Q

What are the consequences if the conflict is unresolved in the anal stage?

A

1) anal retentive
-perfectionist
-obsessive
-stingy

2) anal expulsive
-thoughtless
-messy

30
Q

What is the description of the phallic psychosexual stage?

A

-focus of pleasure is the genital area
-child experiences the Oedipus or the Electra complex

31
Q

What are the consequences if the conflict is unresolved in the phallic stage?

A

phallic personality
-narcissistic
-reckless
-identity with gender issues (possibly homosexual)

32
Q

What is the description of the latency psychosexual stage?

A

earlier conflicts are repressed

33
Q

What is the description of the genital psychosexual stage?

A

sexual desires become conscious alongside the onset of puberty

34
Q

What are the consequences if genital stage?

A

difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

35
Q

What is a summary of the complex freud introduced?

A

A child develops…
-feelings of desire for their opposite sex parent
-jealousy and rivalry towards their same sex parent
-during the phallic stage of the psychosexual development (3-6 years old)

36
Q

What is the oedipus complex?

A

Boys - involves unconscious feelings of desire for the mother and rivalry with the father, whom they view as a competitor

37
Q

What is the castration fear?

A

a fear of punishment from the father boys feel
-> resolution; identification of the father - helps internalise male roles and morality

38
Q

What is the electra complex?

A

Girls - feels desire foe her father and envy for her mother
(less developed in Freud’s work)

39
Q

What is the case study of little hans?

A

-conducted in 1909
-involved a five year old boy with a phobia of horses (freud interpreted as stemming from the oedipus complex)
-> fear of horses: unconscious fear of father whom he saw as a rival for his mother’s attention
-> fear of being bitten: anxiety over potential punishment for these feelings

40
Q

What are some strengths of the psychodynamic approach?

A

+theraputic applications: psychoanalysis

+insight into unconscious process

+focus on childhood impact

41
Q

What are some weaknesses of the psychodynamic approach?

A

-lack of scientific evidence: based on interpretations

-highly subjective -> falsification

-deterministic

psychology (9 decks)

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