Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

condylar type of synovial joint

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2
Q

What other joint does the knee form between the femur and the patella?

A

saddle joint

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3
Q

How is the knee joint stabilized laterally?

A

biceps femoris and gastrocnemius tendons

iliotibial tract

fibular collateral ligaments

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4
Q

How is the knee joint stabilized medially?

A
sartorius
gracilis
medial head of gastrocnemius
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
tibial collateral ligament
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5
Q

What is the blood supply of the knee joint?

A

genicular branches of the popliteal artery
descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
articular branch of descending genicular artery
anterior tibial recurrent artery

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6
Q

What innervates the knee joint?

A

branches of sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerves

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7
Q

What encompasses the knee joint that is rather thin and weak?

A

fibrous capsule

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8
Q

What are the main intracapsular ligaments of the knee joint?

A
anterior cruciate ligament
posterior cruciate ligament
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus
transverse ligament
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9
Q

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament lie and where does it insert?

A

lies inside the capsule, but outside the synovial cavity of the joint

inserts into the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle

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10
Q

What does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent?

A

forward sliding of the tibia on the femur

posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

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11
Q

Describe the state of the ligament during extension and flexion of the knee. (taut or lax)

A

taut during extension

lax during flexion

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12
Q

What can happen to the anterior cruciate ligament during hyperextension of the knee?

A

can be torn

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13
Q

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament lie and where does it insert?

A

lies outside the synovial cavity but within the capsule

inserts on the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle

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14
Q

Compared to the anterior ligament, the posterior cruciate is?

A

shorter, straighter, stronger

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15
Q

What does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent?

A

backward sliding of the tibia on the femur (or anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia)

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16
Q

Describe the state of the posterior cruciate during flexion and extension. (taut or lax)

A

taut during flexion

lax during extension

17
Q

What are the main extracapsular ligaments?

A
medial (tibial) collateral ligament
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
Patellar ligament
arcuate ligament
oblique popliteal ligament
18
Q

Where is the medial (tibial) collateral ligament attached

A

firmly to the medial meniscus

19
Q

What happens if the medial (tibial) collateral ligament is injured?

A

concomitant damage to the medial meniscus

20
Q

What are the actions of the medial collateral ligament?

A

prevents medial displacement of the 2 long bones

abduction of the leg at the knee

21
Q

What is the state of the medial collateral during extension?

A

becomes taut limiting extension and abduction of the leg

22
Q

What is the state of the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament during extension?

A

becomes taut limiting extension and adduction of the leg

23
Q

The patellar ligament is a strong flattened fibrous band that is the continuation of which tendon?

A

quadriceps femoris tendon

24
Q

Where does the patellar ligament extend to?

A

from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity

25
What tendon is the oblique popliteal ligament and expansion of?
semimembranosus tendon
26
What are the actions of the oblique popliteal ligament?
resists hyperextension of the leg and lateral rotation during the final phase of extension
27
What are the 4 bursae of the knee joint?
suprapatellar prepatellar infrapatellar anserine or Pes Anserinus or Goose's Foot