Knee Joint

Question 1

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 1

condylar type of synovial joint

Question 2

What other joint does the knee form between the femur and the patella?

Answer 2

saddle joint

Question 3

How is the knee joint stabilized laterally?

Answer 3

biceps femoris and gastrocnemius tendons

iliotibial tract

fibular collateral ligaments

Question 4

How is the knee joint stabilized medially?

Answer 4

sartorius
gracilis
medial head of gastrocnemius
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
tibial collateral ligament

Question 5

What is the blood supply of the knee joint?

Answer 5

genicular branches of the popliteal artery
descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
articular branch of descending genicular artery
anterior tibial recurrent artery

Question 6

What innervates the knee joint?

Answer 6

branches of sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerves

Question 7

What encompasses the knee joint that is rather thin and weak?

Answer 7

fibrous capsule

Question 8

What are the main intracapsular ligaments of the knee joint?

Answer 8

anterior cruciate ligament
posterior cruciate ligament
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus
transverse ligament

Question 9

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament lie and where does it insert?

Answer 9

lies inside the capsule, but outside the synovial cavity of the joint

inserts into the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle

Question 10

What does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent?

Answer 10

forward sliding of the tibia on the femur

posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

Question 11

Describe the state of the ligament during extension and flexion of the knee. (taut or lax)

Answer 11

taut during extension

lax during flexion

Question 12

What can happen to the anterior cruciate ligament during hyperextension of the knee?

Answer 12

can be torn

Question 13

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament lie and where does it insert?

Answer 13

lies outside the synovial cavity but within the capsule

inserts on the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle

Question 14

Compared to the anterior ligament, the posterior cruciate is?

Answer 14

shorter, straighter, stronger

Question 15

What does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent?

Answer 15

backward sliding of the tibia on the femur (or anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia)

Question 16

Describe the state of the posterior cruciate during flexion and extension. (taut or lax)

Answer 16

taut during flexion

lax during extension

Question 17

What are the main extracapsular ligaments?

Answer 17

medial (tibial) collateral ligament
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
Patellar ligament
arcuate ligament
oblique popliteal ligament

Question 18

Where is the medial (tibial) collateral ligament attached

Answer 18

firmly to the medial meniscus

Question 19

What happens if the medial (tibial) collateral ligament is injured?

Answer 19

concomitant damage to the medial meniscus

Question 20

What are the actions of the medial collateral ligament?

Answer 20

prevents medial displacement of the 2 long bones

abduction of the leg at the knee

Question 21

What is the state of the medial collateral during extension?

Answer 21

becomes taut limiting extension and abduction of the leg

Question 22

What is the state of the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament during extension?

Answer 22

becomes taut limiting extension and adduction of the leg

Question 23

The patellar ligament is a strong flattened fibrous band that is the continuation of which tendon?

Answer 23

quadriceps femoris tendon

Question 24

Where does the patellar ligament extend to?

Answer 24

from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity

Question 25

What tendon is the oblique popliteal ligament and expansion of?

Answer 25

semimembranosus tendon

Question 26

What are the actions of the oblique popliteal ligament?

Answer 26

resists hyperextension of the leg and lateral rotation during the final phase of extension

Question 27

What are the 4 bursae of the knee joint?

Answer 27

suprapatellar
prepatellar
infrapatellar
anserine or Pes Anserinus or Goose’s Foot