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620: Clinical Human Anatomy > Knee and Leg Region > Flashcards

Knee and Leg Region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 articulations at the knee joint?

A
  • Tibiofemoral
  • Patellofemoral
  • Proximal tibiofibular
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2
Q

Which joint is considering the actual knee joint?

A

Tibiofemoral

The 2 condyles of the femur fit into the tibial plateaus

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3
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Hinge Type of Synovial Joint

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the patella?

A

Decreases wear on quadriceps femoris tendon

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5
Q

When the knee is fully extended is the articular surface of the femur flat or rounded?

A

flat

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6
Q

When the knee is flexed is the articular surface of the femur flat or rounded?

A

round

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7
Q

The tibial condyle is con___ on the con___ femoral condyle

A

concave

convex

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8
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the knee joint?

A
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament
  • Posterior Cruciate Ligament
  • Lateral (Fibular) Collateral Ligament
  • Medial (Tibial) Collateral Ligament
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9
Q

Where does the ACL originate and insert?

A

Arises from the anterior intracondylar area of the tibia and inserts into the medial surface of lateral femoral condyle

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10
Q

What motions does the ACL limit?

A
  • posterior rolling of the femoral condyles on the tibial plateau during flexion
  • posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee joint
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11
Q

During what motion is the ACL taut? When is it lax?

A

Taut during extension of knee and lax during flexion of knee

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12
Q

What is a common MOI for an ACL tear?

A

When the knee is hyperextended

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13
Q

Where does the PCL originate and insert?

A

Arises from posterior intracondylar area of tibia and inserts lateral surface of medial femoral condyle

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14
Q

What motions the does PCL limit?

A
  • anterior rolling of the femur on the tibial plateau during extension
  • anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperflexion of the knee joint
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15
Q

During what motion is the PCL taut? When is it lax?

A

Taut during flexion of knee and lax during extension

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16
Q

Which of the intracapsular ligaments is stronger?

A

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

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17
Q

Where does the LCL originate and insert?

A

Arises from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to insert on the lateral surface of the fibular head

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18
Q

What structure separates the LCL and the lateral meniscus?

A

The popliteus tendon

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19
Q

The LCL supports the knee against what type of force?

A

varus (adduction)

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20
Q

Where does the MCL originate and insert?

A

Arises from the medial epicondyle of the femur to insert on the medial surface of the tibia

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21
Q

What structure separates the MCL and the medial meniscus?

A

Nothing, the MCL is firmly attached to the medial mensicus

22
Q

The MCL supports the knee against what type of force?

A

valgus (abduction)

23
Q

What are menisci?

A

fibrocartilage plates on articular surface of tibia

24
Q

2 functions of the menisci

A
  • Shock absorber

- Facilitates lubrication of articular surfaces

25
Q

Which ligament binds the anterior horns of the medial and lateral menisci?

A

Transverse ligament

26
Q

Describe the shapes of the medial and lateral mensici

A

The medial meniscus is C-shaped (broader posteriorly than anteriorly)
The lateral meniscus is nearly circular

27
Q

The patellar ligament is a continuation of what tendon distally?

A

quadriceps femoris tendon

28
Q

Which ligaments are taught when the knee is fully extended to help contribute to stability while standing

A

The collateral ligaments of the knee

29
Q

While standing is the femur medially or laterally rotated on the tibia?

A

medially rotated

30
Q

Where is the COG in reference to the knee joint?

A

anterior to knee joint

31
Q

What makes up the “unhappy” triad?

A

ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus tear

32
Q

When the knee flexes, what type of rotation occurs at the knee joint?

A

The femoral condyles internally rotate on the tibial plateau

33
Q

When the knee extends, what type of rotation occurs at the knee joint?

A

The femoral condyles externally rotate on the tibial plateau

34
Q

When the knee flexes what way does the patella move?

A

down and posterior

35
Q

After 90⁰ of flexion what way does the patella move?

A

lateral over the femoral condyle

36
Q

What 2 lines make up the Q-angle?

A
  • line from the ASIS to the center of the patella

- line from the tibial tuberosity to the center of the patella

37
Q

Males tend to have coxa ____, genu ____ and ____ of the foot

A

Coxa valga
Genu vara
Supination

38
Q

Females tend to have coxa ____, genu ____ and ____ of the foot

A

Coxa vara
Genu valga
Pronation

39
Q

What motions occur at the tibiofibular joint?

A

Although it is very rigid, it still moves anteriorposterior, up and down, and rotates.

40
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

Tendonitis caused by the pulling force of the quadriceps femoris muscle on the patellar tendon which attaches to the tibial tuberosity

41
Q

Tibial torsion is associated with what problems at the ankle and foot?

A

Excessive pronation and flat feet

42
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior

43
Q

The muscles found in the anterior leg compartment perform what action?

A

dorsiflexion

44
Q

The muscles found in the anterior leg compartment are innervated by what nerve?

A

deep peroneal nerve

45
Q

The muscles found in the anterior leg compartment get their blood supply from what artery?

A

anterior tibial artery

46
Q

The muscles found in the lateral leg compartment perform what action?

A

eversion

47
Q

The muscles found in the lateral leg compartment are innervated by what nerve?

A

superficial peroneal nerve

48
Q

The muscles found in the lateral leg compartment get their blood supply from what artery?

A

peroneal artery

49
Q

The muscles found in the posterior leg compartment perform what action?

A

plantarflexion

50
Q

The muscles found in the posterior leg compartment are innervated by what nerve?

A

tibial nerve

51
Q

The muscles found in the posterior leg compartment get their blood supply from what artery?

A

posterior tibial artery

620: Clinical Human Anatomy (29 decks)

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