Knee and Leg Region Flashcards
What are the 3 articulations at the knee joint?
- Tibiofemoral
- Patellofemoral
- Proximal tibiofibular
Which joint is considering the actual knee joint?
Tibiofemoral
The 2 condyles of the femur fit into the tibial plateaus
What type of joint is the knee?
Hinge Type of Synovial Joint
What is the purpose of the patella?
Decreases wear on quadriceps femoris tendon
When the knee is fully extended is the articular surface of the femur flat or rounded?
flat
When the knee is flexed is the articular surface of the femur flat or rounded?
round
The tibial condyle is con___ on the con___ femoral condyle
concave
convex
What are the 4 ligaments of the knee joint?
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament
- Lateral (Fibular) Collateral Ligament
- Medial (Tibial) Collateral Ligament
Where does the ACL originate and insert?
Arises from the anterior intracondylar area of the tibia and inserts into the medial surface of lateral femoral condyle
What motions does the ACL limit?
- posterior rolling of the femoral condyles on the tibial plateau during flexion
- posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee joint
During what motion is the ACL taut? When is it lax?
Taut during extension of knee and lax during flexion of knee
What is a common MOI for an ACL tear?
When the knee is hyperextended
Where does the PCL originate and insert?
Arises from posterior intracondylar area of tibia and inserts lateral surface of medial femoral condyle
What motions the does PCL limit?
- anterior rolling of the femur on the tibial plateau during extension
- anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperflexion of the knee joint
During what motion is the PCL taut? When is it lax?
Taut during flexion of knee and lax during extension
Which of the intracapsular ligaments is stronger?
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Where does the LCL originate and insert?
Arises from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to insert on the lateral surface of the fibular head
What structure separates the LCL and the lateral meniscus?
The popliteus tendon
The LCL supports the knee against what type of force?
varus (adduction)
Where does the MCL originate and insert?
Arises from the medial epicondyle of the femur to insert on the medial surface of the tibia
What structure separates the MCL and the medial meniscus?
Nothing, the MCL is firmly attached to the medial mensicus
The MCL supports the knee against what type of force?
valgus (abduction)
What are menisci?
fibrocartilage plates on articular surface of tibia
2 functions of the menisci
- Shock absorber
- Facilitates lubrication of articular surfaces
Which ligament binds the anterior horns of the medial and lateral menisci?
Transverse ligament
Describe the shapes of the medial and lateral mensici
The medial meniscus is C-shaped (broader posteriorly than anteriorly)
The lateral meniscus is nearly circular
The patellar ligament is a continuation of what tendon distally?
quadriceps femoris tendon
Which ligaments are taught when the knee is fully extended to help contribute to stability while standing
The collateral ligaments of the knee
While standing is the femur medially or laterally rotated on the tibia?
medially rotated
Where is the COG in reference to the knee joint?
anterior to knee joint
What makes up the “unhappy” triad?
ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus tear
When the knee flexes, what type of rotation occurs at the knee joint?
The femoral condyles internally rotate on the tibial plateau
When the knee extends, what type of rotation occurs at the knee joint?
The femoral condyles externally rotate on the tibial plateau
When the knee flexes what way does the patella move?
down and posterior
After 90⁰ of flexion what way does the patella move?
lateral over the femoral condyle
What 2 lines make up the Q-angle?
- line from the ASIS to the center of the patella
- line from the tibial tuberosity to the center of the patella
Males tend to have coxa ____, genu ____ and ____ of the foot
Coxa valga
Genu vara
Supination
Females tend to have coxa ____, genu ____ and ____ of the foot
Coxa vara
Genu valga
Pronation
What motions occur at the tibiofibular joint?
Although it is very rigid, it still moves anteriorposterior, up and down, and rotates.
What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?
Tendonitis caused by the pulling force of the quadriceps femoris muscle on the patellar tendon which attaches to the tibial tuberosity
Tibial torsion is associated with what problems at the ankle and foot?
Excessive pronation and flat feet
What are the 3 compartments of the leg?
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
The muscles found in the anterior leg compartment perform what action?
dorsiflexion
The muscles found in the anterior leg compartment are innervated by what nerve?
deep peroneal nerve
The muscles found in the anterior leg compartment get their blood supply from what artery?
anterior tibial artery
The muscles found in the lateral leg compartment perform what action?
eversion
The muscles found in the lateral leg compartment are innervated by what nerve?
superficial peroneal nerve
The muscles found in the lateral leg compartment get their blood supply from what artery?
peroneal artery
The muscles found in the posterior leg compartment perform what action?
plantarflexion
The muscles found in the posterior leg compartment are innervated by what nerve?
tibial nerve
The muscles found in the posterior leg compartment get their blood supply from what artery?
posterior tibial artery
