Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What side of the heart is larger?
Right side of the heart is larger than the left (cardiac notch)
Which ventricle is larger (strongest)?
left ventricle
Pulmonary vs. Systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation = Heart-Lungs-Heart
Systemic circulation = Heart-Body-Heart
How many valves are in the heart?
4
2 atrioventricular valves
2 semilunar valves
What are the 2 atrioventricular valves?
The tricuspid valve on the right side and the bicuspid on the left side
What is the bicuspid valve aka?
mitralvalve
What are the 2 semilunar valves?
The pulmonary valve on the right side and the aortic valve on the left side
What is the tough, membranous sac that encases the heart called?
The pericardium
What arteries supply blood to the heart muscles?
Coronary arteries
What do the coronary arteries branch off of?
They are the first branch off of the aorta
As the right coronary artery descends it gives rise to what artery that supplies the right ventricle?
The right marginal artery
At the superior end of the IV groove, the left coronary artery divides into what 2 branches?
1) the anterior descending (interventricular) artery
2) the circumflex branch
What does the Left anterior descending artery supply?
the left atrium and left ventricle
What does the circumflex branch supply?
the posterior aspect of the heart
What ensures there is blood flow to the entire heart when blood flow is blocked in one coronary artery?
Anastomosis
Describe the flow of blood starting with the vena cave and ending with the aorta (include the valves it asses through)
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava –> Right Atrium –> Tricuspid Valve –> Right ventricle –> Pulmonary Semilunar Valve –> Pulmonary Trunk –> Pulmonary Arteries –> Lungs –> Pulmonary Veins –> Left Atrium –> Bicuspid Valve –> Left Ventricle –> Aortic Semilunar Valve –> Aorta
Systole is the ______ phase
Diastole is the ______ phase
contraction (blood is pumped out of ventricles)
relaxation (blood fills the ventricles)
What node is the pacemaker of the heart?
The sinoatrial node
What is the sinoatrial node located?
In the posterior wall of the right atrium
The SA node sends the signal to what node?
Atrioventricular node
What is the function of the AV node?
It delays the impulse by 1/10 of second, allowing the atria to contract before the ventricles
_____ fibers rapidly spread the impulse to contract throughout ventricles
Purkinje
Which ventricle has the thickest walls?
left
What effects doe training have on each atria and ventricle?
With physical training the left ventricle wall thickens. There is no increase in atria of right ventricle wall thickness even with training
On an EKG the P wave represents what?
atrial depolarization (contraction)
On an EKG the QRS interval represents what?
ventricular depolarization (contraction) and minimal atrial repolarization
On an EKG the T wave represents what?
ventricular repolarization
