Kinship and Socialization

Question 1

coefficient of relatedness

Answer 1

r = probability that a gene will be shared because of inheritance form an ancestor

Question 2

kin selection (proximate and ultimate causes)

Answer 2

altruism toward kin because your genes favor copies of them selves (ultimate cause)
familial love as emotional implementation (proximate cause)

Question 3

Hamilton’s rule

Answer 3

altruism toward kin is selected for if:

cost-to-self

Question 4

kin solidarity in humans

Answer 4

1. kinship as a metaphor for love and solidarity
2. traditional societies are organized by kinship
3. most unreciprocated altruism is toward relatives in humans
4. step-relations vs. biological relations

Question 5

projetive vs. objective personality tests

Answer 5

projective tests: inkblot and TAT; are not effective/used anymore
objective tests: MMPI ask questions that simulate different situations

Question 6

5 dimensions of personality variation

Answer 6

Openness/Nonopenness to Experience 
Conscientiousness/Undirectedness
Extraversion/Introversion
Agreeableness/Antagonism
Neuroticism/Stability

Question 7

3 potential influences on personality

Answer 7

genes, shared environment, unique environment

Question 8

3 laws of behavioral genetics

Answer 8

all behavior traits are heritable
effects of family are much smaller than effects of genes
much of the variation in psychological traits is neither genetic nor familial (Unique environment)

Question 9

Eusociality in social insects

Answer 9

ultimate altruists because:
workers are sterile
soldiers sacrifice themselves for queen
castes are hyperspecialized
colony as a superorganism

Question 10

real vs. perceived kinship

Answer 10

adopted children not as vulnerable step children because we cannot perceive kinship directly; we can only perceive cues to kinship (i.e early coresidence)

Question 11

Peer Socialization (2 hypotheses)

Answer 11

personality development: personality traits shaped to prosper in niches within peer groups
socialization: pick up cultural skills/values from their peer groups NOT parents