Cognition II Flashcards
working memory
Short-term memory
long-term memory
information that is stored for long periods
Recency Effect
increased memory of the final items on a rehearsed list. Effect is eliminated by a task that interferes with rehearsal
Primacy Effect
increased memory of increased opportunities for rehearsal of first few items.
Modal Model
(Sensory input)———->Sensory memory——–(Attention)——->Working memory———(maintenance rehearsal)——-Working memory—–(Encoding)—–>long-term Memory————-(retrieval)——->working memory
HM
damage of hippocampus + surrounding Medial Temporal Lobe region EFFECT:
old long term memories: OK
New Short term Memories: OK
New Long term Memories: NONE
consolidation
when memories are no longer held together by the hippocampus. They connect regions of the cortex directly
Subdivisions of Long term memory
Implicit (nondeclarative, unconscious)
Explicit (declarative, conscious)
Procedural Memory Structures
Basal Ganglia- Packaging, selection, activation and inhibition of behavioral routines
Cerebellum- coordination and timing of rapid movements
Emotional memory structures
Amygdala, classical conditioning of fear`
Forms of Working Memory
Phonological Loop- holding words or numbers in memory (activates speech areas of the brain) (interfered by any sound) visuospatial sketchpad (mental imagery)- a component of working memory responsible for holding visual and spatial information (analogue NOT digital)
chunking
a strategy for improving the ability to remember a set of items by grouping them mentally to form fewer items
Working memory is NOT constant in bits , BUT more or less constant in chunks
imagery debate
are mental images pictoral or descriptive
Image:
larger mental rotations take more time
represented topographically
BUT not stored in LTM as Pictures
Semantic memory
one’s storehouse of explicit general knowledge that can be expressed in words and is not mentally ties to one’s specific experience.
(word meanings, general knowledge, facts)
