Kingdom Plante Flashcards
Topic-7
what are the 5 general features of the kingdom plante?
-multicellular
-eukaryotic cells
-cellulose cell wall
-photosynthsise
-have chlorophyll in chloroplasts
how do kingdom plante cells show differenciation?
-they have specialised cells for specific functions
what are the 2 groups for the plante species and what are the main types of plants they consist of?
-byrophytes- mosses
-tracheophytes- vascular plants
what is the general structure of mosses/ bryophyta?
-lack true roots, stems and leaves
-do not have vascular tissue
-no cuticle or stomata
-have rhiziods
how do mosses/ Bryophyta get support?
-because they have no xylem or phloem support is by turgor
what are the purpose and structure of the rhizoids?
-structurally similar to stems and leaves but are filamentous
-they anchor the mosses to the ground
-they are unable to penetrate soil and so have no role in water uptake
how are water and minerals gained/ lost in mosses?
-over the entire surface of the plant
what are the size and habitats of mosses? why is this?
-they usually are not very big and are restricted to damp habitats
-this is because they are not able to restrict water loss
why do mosses grow on walls sometimes?
-do avoid competition from other grasses and being stepped on
what is found at the end of mosses?
-spores in a capsule which are lifted above the ground
what is the advantage of having spores in a capsule being above the ground?
-allows spores to be dispersed by the wind
what type of plants are trachephyta? what are the two types?
-vascular plants
-pteridophyta- ferns
-angiosperm- flowering plants
what is the general structure of pteridophyta/ ferns?
-have true roots, stems and leaves
-their leaves are usually subdivided into pinnae
-have vascular tissue- xylem and phloem
what is the purpose of the vascular bundle in ferns/ pteridophyta?
-ensures there is a well developed system for water and ion transport
-it allows the fern to grow to large sizes due to support being by both turgor and the lignin in the xylem walls
-it allows then to grow in drier areas as they have better control over water loss
what is the structure of the stem in ferns/ pteridophyta?
-runs horizontally under the ground meaning only the leaves are exposed above the ground
where do the spores which ferns release germinate at? why is this?
-in damp environments as they are not highly resistant to desiccation
how do ferns/ pteridophyta have fine control over water loss?
-they have a waterproof cuticle and stomata
-the stomata can be closed if the plant is subject to water stress
what do flowers of plants act as and what do they produce?
-act as reproductive structures and produce seeds
what is the general structure of angiosperm/ flowering plants?
-have true roots, stems and leaves
-have a waterproof cuticle and stomata are fine controlled
-have vascular tissue
what is the purpose of the vascular bundle in angiosperm/ flowering plants?
-allows the roots the penetrate deep into the ground to absorb water and minerals
what are 4 of the adaptations of angiosperm and their seeds that allow then to be highly adapted to terrestrial habitats?
-they have better adapted root systems than ferns
-the xylem is more extensive and can provide more support
-their seeds have a tough outer coating which protects against drying out
-the seeds can disperse in hostile environments and remain there until conditions become better suited for them to germinate
what are the 3 ways angiosperm seeds can be dispersed?
-wind
-animals
-explosive mechanism
