Kingdom Animalia Flashcards
Topic-7
what are 5 general characteristics of the kingdom animalia?
-eukaryotic and multicellular
-no cell wall
-heterotrophs
-digest internally
-most are able to move
what are the 5 phyla of the kingdom animalia?
-cnidaria
-Platyhelminthes
-annelida
-anthropoda
-chordata
what are some of the features of the cnindaria?
-radically symmertical
-multicellular with differentiation
-have a hydrostatic skeleton
what is the cnindaria gut called? how do they get their food?
-the fluid filled enteron
-has a mouth surrounded by tentacles to catch prey
-the mouth is used for both egestion and ingestion
what are the stinging cells called on the cnindaria tentacles called?
-nematocysts
what are the 2 body forms of the cnindaria?
-medusa which is umbrella shaped and free swimming
-polyp which is cylinder shaped and attached to a surface
what is the definition of radical symmetry?
-symmetry around a central axis
-the body can be divided by any plane that goes through the central axis
what is the definition of bilateral symmetry?
-the body can be divided into 2 equal halves on each side of the central axis
what is an example of a platyhelminthes and what type of symmetry do they have?
-flatworms
-bilateral
what structure are the plathelminthes? what are 2 advantages of this?
-dorso ventral flattening
-increases the rate of oxygen due to higher SA:V ratio
-decreases diffusion distance
what is the advantage of bilateral symmetry for platyhelminthes?
-they have a front where sensory receptors are placed
-allows then to test the environment before they enter and it makes movement easier
how is support given to the platyhelminthes thats different to cnindarians?
-through body tissue only which is why they have more tissue than cnindarians
what is the structure of the gut in the platyhelminthes? what fills the space between the gut and the other surface?
-single opening to the gut meaning a mouth but no anus
-tube like gut rather than a gut cavity
-solid fill tissue which allows specialisation to occur
why do the platyhelminthes have a high demand for metabolities?
-due to them having more tissue per unit volume involved in metabolic activity
what are 2 examples of annelida?
-earthworm and lugworm
what structure are the annelida and what type of symmetry do they have?
-round cross section with bilateral symmetry
what is the structure of the annelida gut? what are 2 advantages of their one way gut system?
-they have spaces between the body surface and the gut which are called coelom
-one way gut system with a mouth and an anus
-allows for regional specialisation and prevents food being mixed with waste
what are 4 advantages of annelida having coelom?
-increases SA:V ratio
-all spaces are fluid filled so acts as a hydrostatic skeleton for support
-allows muscles involved with movement to be separate from gut muscles which allows peristaltic movement
-allows room for organs to develop
how is peristaltic movement able to occur in annelida?
-the coelom allows for the muscles involved with locomotion to be separate from muscles in the gut
-this allows peristaltic movements to occur independently
what is another structural feature in annelidas, type of segementation? what does this result in?
-metamerically segmented meaning the body is divided into a number of singular segments, each having its own body cavity
-each segment having their own blood system and nervous system
what are 4 structures found within the gut system of the annelida?
-muscular pharynx
-oesophagus
-storage area
-intestine
what are 2 examples of arthropoda and what type of symmetry do they have?
-insects and spiders
-bilateral symmetry
what is the typical structure of anthropodas?
-fixed number of metameric segments
-in insects they have a head, thorax and abdomen
-spiders have head and a thorax
-they have jointed limbs and an exoskeleton
how many segments do insects have in their thorax and their abdomen?
-3 in the thorax and 10/11 in their abdomen
