Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration Flashcards
what is aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
-it is respiration that uses oxygen when it is present
-anaerobic respiration comes into play when there is no oxygen
why is oxygen so important in respiration even though it doesn’t come into play until the last stage?
-without oxygen the Link Reaction, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain cannot occur
where does anaerobic respiration take place and why?
-in the cytoplasm of the cell as the only stage it involves is glycolysis
what are the products of anaerobic respiration in animals and plants?
-in animals it is lactate
-in plants ethanol and CO2 is produced
what is the process of anaerobic respiration in animals?
-glycose is broken down into triose phosphate which releases 2 H molecules that reduce NAD
-the reduced NAD is then oxidised by donating back its H to the formation of lactate from pyruvate in animals through the process of lactate dehydrogenase
why is it important that reduced NAD is oxidised during anaerobic respiration in mammals?
-it is to allow the oxidised NAD to take up further Hydrogen atoms from glycolysis
-if this didn’t happen then all the NAD would be reduced and glycolysis would stop meaning that no energy would be created
how many molecules of ATP are released per cycle of anaerobic respiration?
-2 ATP
where is the most common place that anaerobic respiration will occur in mammals?
-the skeletal muscles due to strenuous exercise
why is anaerobic respiration a fast process?
-it takes place in the cytoplasm and substances do not have to diffuses through the mitochondrion
-it also is a very short metabolic pathway
why can anaerobic respiration be an advantage in mammals?
-usually during strenuous exercise both aerobic and anaerobic respiration are occurring meaning that the body is receiving an extra 2 ATP
-which is crucial when out running predators
what is a consequence for the production of lactate in muscles?
-it accumulates and causes muscle cramps and fatigue
what is the oxygen debt?
-it is when lactate can be converted back into glucose, extra oxygen is needed for the breakdown of this substance and so the body is indebted oxygen
what are the products of anaerobic respiration in plants/ fungi?
-ethanol and carbon dioxide
what is the process of anaerobic respiration in plants/ fungi?
-glucose is broken down into triose phosphate which releases 2 H which reduces NAD
-the NADH is then oxidised which releases hydrogen
-the triose phosphate is then broken down into pyruvate which then undergoes alcohol dehydrogenase which releases a CO2 molecule and creates ethanal
-the ethanal then accepts the hydrogens which converts it into ethanol
what happens to ethanol once it is produced during anaerobic respiration in plants that is different to lactate in mammals?
-ethanol is not reconverted back into pyruvate but it is eliminated as a waste product
