Respiration- other substrates

Question 1

in mammals what other substrates can be used for respiration when glucose supplies are running low?

Answer 1

-fat and eventually proteins in near starvation conditions can be utilised

Question 2

what are the two substances that are formed when triglycerides are hydrolysed?

Answer 2

-glycerol and fatty acids

Question 3

where does glycerol enter the respiration pathway?

Answer 3

-glycolysis

Question 4

where do fatty acids enter the respiration pathway?

Answer 4

-at the acetyl coenzyme A stage or the beginning of the Krebs cycle

Question 5

what is the main difference in terms of energy between carbohydrates and triglycerides?

Answer 5

-triglycerides are more energy rich (9kcal) compared to carbohydrates (4kcal)

Question 6

what are proteins hydrolysed into?

Answer 6

-amino acids

Question 7

what parts of the respiratory chain do proteins enter and why?

Answer 7

-after losing their amino group the residue enters the cycle as Acetyl A, pyruvate or at the Krebs cycle