Kingdom Fungi Flashcards
Phylum Zygomycota
Zygote Fungi
> 600 species
Hyphae grow vertically and form sporangia
Dung loving and phototrophic
Rhizopus stolonifer
Phylum Zygomycota
Black bread mold
Pilobolus crystallinus
Phylum Zygomycota Dung-loving (coprophilous) Phototrophic Spores are propelled off the hyphae as a single unit "shotgun fungus"
Phylum Ascomycota
Sac Fungi
Many do not fit description but produce 4 or 8 haploid spores through meiosis kept in sac-like regions called ascu
Spores are called ascospores
Asexual reproduction leads to spores called conidia formed on conidiophores.
> 60,000 species found
morels, truffles, yeasts
Aspergillus
Phylum Ascomycota
known to cause infections or allergic reactions in humans
> 100 species identified
Peziza
Phylum Ascomycota
Typical cup-like appearance
Tend to grow on decaying plants, animals and dung
Ophiostoma
Phylum Ascomycota
Certain species cause Dutch elm disease
Cryphonectria
Phylum Ascomycota
Almost wiped out American chestnut
Claviceps purpurea
Phylum Ascomycota
Ergot fungus
parasitizes rye and wheat grass
known to cause convulsive ergotism in humans and animals
Penicillium
Phylum Ascomycota
One species produces penicillin
Others are used in production of cheeses (brie, bleu, gorgonzola and roquefort)
Commonly known as molds
Phylum Basidiomycota
Club fungi Only reproduce sexually Mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorn fungus, fairy rings, shelf fungi and cup fungi. > 25,000 species Reproductive structure called basidium
Stipe
stalk or stem of mushroom
Basidiocarp
body of a mushroom
Pileus
cap on top of mushroom
Gills
contain basidia which produce basidiospores
Phylum Deurteromycota
Imperfect fungi
Only reproduce asexually
Cause athlete’s foot, ringworm and “yeast” infections (Candida albicans)
Used to make some cheeses
Symbiotic Associations of Fungi
Parasitic
Mutualistic
Commensalistic
Mycorrhizae
Mutualistic association of fungi and plant roots
Include a number of species from phyla Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
Fungus = food through photosynthesis
Plant = nutrients absorbed by fungus
Lichens
Mutualistic association of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria
Mainly species from phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
Tend to look like one organism instead of two.
> 25,000 species identified
Fungus = photosynthetic nutrients
Algae = proper environment for growth
Three types of Lichens
Foliose - leaf-like
Crustose - crust-like
Fruticose - shrubby
Foliose
Leaf-like appearance. Generally brown or golden in color. Tend to grow vertically and spread out along the surface they are attached to.
Crustose
Crust-like appearance. Tend to grow flat along the surface of trees or rocks.
Fruticose
Tend to have a cup- or club-shaped reproductive structure from ascomycetes or basidiomycetes involved in relationship. Tend to have branching and cylindrical appearance. Some are brightly colored.
