Kingdom Fungi

Question 1

Phylum Zygomycota

Answer 1

Zygote Fungi
> 600 species
Hyphae grow vertically and form sporangia
Dung loving and phototrophic

Question 2

Rhizopus stolonifer

Answer 2

Phylum Zygomycota

Black bread mold

Question 3

Pilobolus crystallinus

Answer 3

Phylum Zygomycota
Dung-loving (coprophilous)
Phototrophic
Spores are propelled off the hyphae as a single unit
"shotgun fungus"

Question 4

Phylum Ascomycota

Answer 4

Sac Fungi
Many do not fit description but produce 4 or 8 haploid spores through meiosis kept in sac-like regions called ascu
Spores are called ascospores
Asexual reproduction leads to spores called conidia formed on conidiophores.
> 60,000 species found
morels, truffles, yeasts

Question 5

Aspergillus

Answer 5

Phylum Ascomycota
known to cause infections or allergic reactions in humans
> 100 species identified

Question 6

Peziza

Answer 6

Phylum Ascomycota
Typical cup-like appearance
Tend to grow on decaying plants, animals and dung

Question 7

Ophiostoma

Answer 7

Phylum Ascomycota

Certain species cause Dutch elm disease

Question 8

Cryphonectria

Answer 8

Phylum Ascomycota

Almost wiped out American chestnut

Question 9

Claviceps purpurea

Answer 9

Phylum Ascomycota
Ergot fungus
parasitizes rye and wheat grass
known to cause convulsive ergotism in humans and animals

Question 10

Penicillium

Answer 10

Phylum Ascomycota
One species produces penicillin
Others are used in production of cheeses (brie, bleu, gorgonzola and roquefort)
Commonly known as molds

Question 11

Phylum Basidiomycota

Answer 11

Club fungi
Only reproduce sexually
Mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorn fungus, fairy rings, shelf fungi and cup fungi.
> 25,000 species
Reproductive structure called basidium

Question 12

Stipe

Answer 12

stalk or stem of mushroom

Question 13

Basidiocarp

Answer 13

body of a mushroom

Question 14

Pileus

Answer 14

cap on top of mushroom

Question 15

Gills

Answer 15

contain basidia which produce basidiospores

Question 16

Phylum Deurteromycota

Answer 16

Imperfect fungi
Only reproduce asexually
Cause athlete’s foot, ringworm and “yeast” infections (Candida albicans)
Used to make some cheeses

Question 17

Symbiotic Associations of Fungi

Answer 17

Parasitic
Mutualistic
Commensalistic

Question 18

Mycorrhizae

Answer 18

Mutualistic association of fungi and plant roots
Include a number of species from phyla Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
Fungus = food through photosynthesis
Plant = nutrients absorbed by fungus

Question 19

Lichens

Answer 19

Mutualistic association of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria
Mainly species from phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
Tend to look like one organism instead of two.
> 25,000 species identified
Fungus = photosynthetic nutrients
Algae = proper environment for growth

Question 20

Three types of Lichens

Answer 20

Foliose - leaf-like
Crustose - crust-like
Fruticose - shrubby

Question 21

Foliose

Answer 21

Leaf-like appearance. Generally brown or golden in color. Tend to grow vertically and spread out along the surface they are attached to.

Question 22

Crustose

Answer 22

Crust-like appearance. Tend to grow flat along the surface of trees or rocks.

Question 23

Fruticose

Answer 23

Tend to have a cup- or club-shaped reproductive structure from ascomycetes or basidiomycetes involved in relationship. Tend to have branching and cylindrical appearance. Some are brightly colored.