Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > A&P Chapter 10 > Flashcards

A&P Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of muscular tissue

A
  1. Producing body movements
  2. Stabilizing body position
  3. Storing and moving substances within the body
  4. Generating heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Properties of muscular tissue

A
  1. Electrical excitability (action potentials/impulses)
  2. Contractility
  3. Extensibility
  4. Elasticity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epimysium

A

Outermost layer of dense, irregular connective tissue, encircling the entire muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Perimysium

A

Dense, irregular connective tissue that surrounds groups of 10 to 100 or more muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fascicles

A

Bundles of 10 to 100 or more muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endomysium

A

Penetrates the interior of each fascicle and separates individual muscle fibers from one another. Mostly reticular fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aponeurosis

A

When the connective tissue elements extend as a broad, flat sheet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Somatic motor neurons

A

Neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of a muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transverse (T) tubules

A

Tiny invaginations of the sarcolemma that tunnel in from the surface toward the center of each muscle fiber.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber (within the sarcolemma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Myoglobin

A

Red-colored protein found only in muscle. Binds oxygen molecules that diffuse into muscle fibers from interstitial fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Myofibrils

A

Contractile organelles of skeletal muscle. Their prominent striations make the entire skeletal muscle appear striped (striated).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

A

Fluid-filled system of membranous sacs that encircle each myofibril. Similar to Smooth ER in non-muscular cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Terminal cisterns

A

Dilated end sacs of the SR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Triad

A

Formed by a transverse tubule and the two terminal cisterns on either side of it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Filaments or Myofilaments

A

Smaller protein structures within myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sarcomeres

A

Compartments that hold the filaments inside a myofibril. The basic functional units of a myofibril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Z discs

A

Narrow, plate-shaped regions of dense protein material that separate one sarcomere from the next.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A band

A

Darker middle part of the sarcomere. Extends the entire length of the thick filaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

I band

A

Lighter, less dense area that contains the rest of thin filaments but no thick filaments. A Z disc passes through the center of each I band.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

H zone

A

In the center of each A band. Contains thick but not thin filaments.

23
Q

M line

A

Formed by supporting proteins that hold the thick filaments together at the center of the H zone. At the middle of the sarcomere.

24
Q

Three kinds of proteins that build myofibrils

A
  1. Contractile: generate force during contraction
  2. Regulatory: help switch the contraction process on and off
  3. Structural: Keep the thick and thin filaments in the proper alignment, give the myofibril elasticity and extensibility, and link the myofibrils to the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix
25
Q

Two contractile proteins in muscle

A

Myosin and actin

26
Q

Myosin

A

Main component of thick filaments and functions as a motor protein in all three types of muscle tissue.

27
Q

Actin

A

Main component of thin filaments which are anchored to Z discs. Individual actin molecules join to form an actin filament that is twisted into a helix.

28
Q

Titin

A

Third most plentiful protein in skeletal muscle.

29
Q

Actinin

A

molecules which bind to actin molecules of the thin filament and to titin.

30
Q

Myomesin

A

Protein molecules that form the M line. Bind to titian and connect adjacent thick filaments to one another.

31
Q

Nebulin

A

A long, nonelastic protein wrapped around the entire length of each thin filament. Helps anchor thin filaments to the Z discs and regulates the length of thin filaments during development.

32
Q

Dystrophin

A

Links thin filaments of the sarcomere to integral membrane proteins of the sarcolemma, which are attached in turn to proteins in the connective tissue extracellular matrix that surrounds muscle fibers.

33
Q

Contraction cycle

A

Repeating sequence of events that causes the filaments to slide

34
Q

Four steps of contraction cycle

A
  1. ATP hydrolysis: Myosin heads hydrolyze ATP and become reoriented and energized.
  2. Attachment of myosin to actin to form cross-bridges.
  3. Power stroke: Myosin cross-bridges rotate toward center of sarcomere.
  4. Detachment of myosin from actin.
35
Q

Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

A

The synapse between two neurons, or between a neuron and a target cell - in this case, between a somatic motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

36
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Small gap that separates the two cells

37
Q

Axon terminal

A

End of the motor neuron.

38
Q

Synaptic end bulbs

A

Neural part of the NMJ

39
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

Membrane-enclosed sacs suspended in the cytosol within each synaptic end bulb

40
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Molecules of the neurotransmitter inside each synaptic vesicle released at the NMJ.

41
Q

Motor end plate

A

Region of the sarcolemma opposite the synaptic end bulbs

42
Q

Acetylcholine receptors

A

Integral transmembrane proteins to which ACh specifically binds

43
Q

Junctional folds

A

Deep grooves in the motor end plate that provide a large surface area for ACh

44
Q

Nerve impulse (nerve action potential) elicits a muscle action in the following way:

A
  1. Release of acetylcholine
  2. Activation of ACh receptors
  3. Production of muscle action potential
  4. Termination of ACh activity
45
Q

Three ways muscle fibers produce ATP

A
  1. From creatine phosphate
  2. By anaerobic cellular respiration
  3. By aerobic cellular respiration
46
Q

Creatine phosphate

A

An energy rich molecule that is found in muscle fibers.

47
Q

Creatine

A

Small, amino acid-like molecule that is synthesized in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas and then transported to muscle fibers.

48
Q

Anaerobic cellular respiration

A

A series of ATP-producing reactions that do not require oxygen

49
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration

A

A series of ATP-producing reactions that require oxygen

50
Q

Muscle fatigue

A

The inability of a muscle to maintain force of contraction after prolonged activity

51
Q

Oxygen debt/Recovery oxygen uptake

A

Added oxygen, over and above the resting oxygen consumption, that is taken into the body after exercise.

52
Q

Motor unit

A

A somatic motor neuron plus all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates

53
Q

Twitch contraction

A

Brief contraction of all the muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential in its motor neuron

54
Q

Myogram

A

Record of a muscle contraction

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions