kingdom animalia Flashcards
ectoderm
The ectoderm forms integumentary and nervous system
mesoderm
The mesoderm forms muscular, skeletal and reproductive systems.
endoderm
The endoderm forms the lining of digestive tract and the glands of digestive system (such as liver and pancreas)
Examples of porifera
(i) Sycon: Typical marine sponge.
(ii) Leucoselenia: A sponge that consists of a group of erect tubes.
(iii) Euplectella: It is beautiful and delicate sponge made up of glass) framework. It IS commonly called Venus flower basket.
(iv) Spongilla: It is freshwater sponge.
coral reefs
Coral reefs are important habitats. They are thought to support more than I million aquatic species. This includes not only several hundred species of coral, hut thousands 01 fish and invertebrate species such as sponges, crabs, shrimps, lobsters, sea anemones, bryozoans, worms, sea stars and sea urchins, octopuses, squid, snails and nudibranchs.
Role of FSH in females
The pituitary gland on the start of puberty, releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). This hormone stimulates the development of several primary follicles. Only one of these follicles continues to grow with its primary oocytes while the rest break down by a degenerative process known as follicle atresia
Role of Estrogen in females
The ovary under the stimulus of FSH, also produce estrogen hormone. It has following functions:
(i) It stimulates the endometrium (internal lining of the uterus wall) and vascularize it.
(ii) It inhabits the secretion of FSH from pituitary gland.
Role of LH in females
Decrease of FSH and increase of estrogen, causes the pituitary gland to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) which induces ovulation. The release ovum from the follicle is called ovulation if release of a secondary oocyte (ovulation) is coincided with the thickening of the uterus.
Role of Progesterone in females
The following cells after release of the egg are modified to form a special structure called corpus luteum. The yellowish glandular structure starts secreting a hormone called progesterone. It has following functions.
This hormone develops the endometrium and makes it receptive for the implantation of the zygote (placenta formation).
The uterine cycle in humans involves the preparation of the uterine wall to receive the embryo if fertilization occurs. Knowing how these two cycles are correlated, it is possible to determine when pregnancy is most likely to occur.
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum starts degenerating. The progesterone secretion reduces and its effect on the spongy endometrium is reduced, which suffers a breakdown, this cause the discharge of blood and cell debris known as menstruation. This stage usually lasts for 3 – 7 days. The cycle is thus completed and the uterus is ready to enter into the next cycle
Phylum: platyhelminthes - the flatworms
A few species are free living and found in freshwater, for example Dugesia(planaria). Many are parasites (mostly endoparasites). The endoparasite lives inside the host. The most common examples are:
Taenia sodium (tapeworm)
Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) and
Schistosoma (blood fluke)
-asexual by fission, sexually by hermaphrodite
- direct development
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hermaphrodite
both male and female reproductive organs are present in the same individual
direct development
and indirect development
A direct development is a type of development in which a young is directly born as a small version of an adult and it develops into a mature individual without undergoing metamorphosis.
in indirect development, larva is hatched from the egg. Larva then metamorphosed to an adult.
parasitic disease
(Ascaris Lumbericoides)
Symptoms in children are nervousness and irritability, allergic reactions, dry cough, restlessness at night, convulsions or spasms, twitching in various parts of the body, itching or irritation of the nose or anus as well as lactose intolerance.
Symptoms in adults include: abdominal pain, edema of the lips, allergic reactions, insomnia, anorexia, and weight loss.
parasitic disease
(Genus Rhabditis)
It contains Plan: species normally found in soil, organic matter or water and feces of man or animals.
parasitic disease
(Enterobius Vermicularis)
- It is commonly known as pinworm and is international but more common in Europe and America.
- Pinworms are parasites in the human caecum, colon and appendix.
- Their movement cause intense itching of anus, inflammation of mucous membrane of colon and appendix resulting in insomnia and loss of appetite.
