evolution

Question 1

Lamarckism

Answer 1

Lamarck argued that those parts of the body used extensively to cope with the environment become larger and stronger, while those that are not used deteriorate.

Question 2

Darwanism

Answer 2

“All species of organisms arise & develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive and reproduce.”

Question 3

Natural Selection and Adaptation (darwanism)

Answer 3

(1) individuals within species are variable; (2) some of these variations are heritable; and (3) individuals that reproduce the most are those with the most favorable variations

Question 4

Biogeography (darwaism)

Answer 4

Armadillos are the armored mammals that live only in America. The evolutionary view of biogeography predicts that contemporary armadillos are modified, descendants of earlier species that occupied these continents, and the fossil record confirms that such ancestors existed.

Question 5

The Fossil Record (Paleontology)

Answer 5

-The chronological appearance of the different classes of vertebrate animals in the fossil record is a good example.
-Fossil fishes, the earliest vertebrates,
-with amphibians
- next, followed by reptiles, then mammals and birds.
-This sequence is consistent with the history of vertebrate descent.
-The evolution of horse provides an example of such a history.

Question 6

homologous organs

Answer 6

• Organs that are functionally similar but structurally different
  -Shows divergent evolution
  -E.g. the forelimbs of human, cats, whales, bats.

Question 7

analogous organs

Answer 7

-Organs that are functionally different but structurally similar Organs (structures)
-Shows convergent evolution -E.g. the wings of bat, birds and insects etc.

Question 8

Molecular Biology

Answer 8

• Evolutionary relationships among species are reflected in their DNA and proteins and in their genes and gene products.
• If two species have genes and proteins with sequences of monomers that match closely, the sequences must have been copied from a common ancestor.
• Taxonomically remote organisms, such as humans and bacteria, have some proteins in common. For instance, cytochrome c, a respiratory protein is found in all aerobic species.

Question 9

origin

Answer 9

-scientist believe the first life on earth was occured 3.5 billion years ago and was a unicellular prokaryote in hot spring water (called hypothermal vent).
-This hypothesis is called vent hypothesis
-It is also believed that early prokaryotes were absorptive heterotrophes and then chemosynthetic autotrophes were came into being

Question 10

ozone layer fully built

Answer 10

about 420 million years ago were made to make living beings to live

Question 11

endosymbiosis theory

Answer 11

• by lynn margulis
  -The endosymbiotic theory posits that some eukaryotic cell organelles, such as mitochondria and plastids, evolved from free-living prokaryotes. Available data indicate that the mitochondrial endosymbiosis initiated the evolution of the eukaryotic cell

Question 12

J.B. Lamarck

Answer 12

published a book , philosophie zooloqiqui
was french biologist

Question 12

J.B. Lamarck

Answer 12

published a book , philosophie zooloqiqui
was french biologist
-“Inheritance of Acquired Characters”.

Question 13

darwin observation during voyage

Question 14

Darwin’s observations during his voyage

Answer 14

Darwin collected 14 types of finches on the Galapagos which are although quite similar but seemed to be different species