Kids with Cancer Flashcards
What are some variables that contribute to reduced muscle health in childhood cancer survivors?
Bed rest, the progression of cancer itself, surgery and related rest, and treatments like radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
What muscle health issues are commonly seen in childhood cancer survivors?
Increased body fat, increased risk for sarcopenic obesity, decreased lean mass, decreased muscle strength, and decreased muscle endurance.
According to the theoretical model presented, what happens to muscle health in childhood cancer survivors over time?
There is an initial dip in muscle health (muscle wasting and weakness) due to treatment, followed by accelerated aging, leading to a significant difference in muscle health compared to the general population by the 6th and 7th decade of life.
What did studies reveal about the impact of cranial radiation on muscle structure?
A significant difference was found in muscle structures of females who had cranial radiation.
How does total body irradiation affect muscle strength?
Total body irradiation was found to have the largest detrimental impact on muscle strength.
What is a potential mechanism for radiotherapy’s long-term effects on muscle health?
Radiotherapy may deplete satellite cells (important for muscle cell proliferation) early in life, hindering the ability to recover and causing long-term deficits in muscle health.
How does chemotherapy impact muscle health?
Chemotherapy can directly impact muscle protein synthesis, cause mitochondrial dysfunction, increase protein breakdown, and limit muscle force production through neurotoxic agents.
What benefits were seen from exercise interventions in children during or after cancer treatment?
Exercise interventions increased muscle strength and aerobic capacity compared to children who did not undergo these interventions.
What is the effect of using technology to deliver exercise interventions?
Technology like VR, telehealth, and exergames can improve adherence to exercise, especially in children, with few adverse effects.
What did the Rueck AL study (2023) reveal about exercise and peak power in childhood cancer survivors?
A year of aerobic and strength training improved peak power, while the control group (recreational activity) showed a decrease in peak power.
What did research find regarding protein supplementation and lean muscle mass in childhood cancer survivors?
Protein supplementation did not show a significant difference in effectiveness compared to resistance training alone, and protein intake during childhood cancer treatment did not preserve lean mass.
What are some identified gaps in current literature and future research directions?
Gaps include a research focus on acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and future directions include sub-analyzing other cancer types, testing trainability and age of diagnoses, and comparing how different treatments affect muscle health to inform targeted exercise prescriptions.
What are the recommendations for physical activity for childhood cancer survivors?
Increase strength training and aerobic training, and utilize technology-based delivery methods to improve adherence; avoid inactivity.
What were the conclusions regarding evidence levels for various factors?
Low evidence: decreased nitric oxide levels, decreased muscle stem cells, decreased protein synthesis, and decreased mitochondrial function. Moderate evidence: childhood cancer survivors have decreased muscle strength. High evidence: aerobic and strength training combined with telehealth and VR are beneficial for muscle health.
According to the infographic, how does muscle health change in childhood cancer survivors?
Muscle health depletes, affecting body fat, risk of sarcopenic obesity, lean mass, strength, and endurance.
What molecular mechanisms contribute to muscle health issues in childhood cancer survivors?
Radiation decreases the number of satellite cells and muscular strength, and chemotherapy may limit force production and protein synthesis.
What types of exercise interventions are beneficial for children with cancer?
Resistance, aerobic, and combined training improve muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and aerobic capacity.
How can exercise adherence be improved in children with cancer?
Video games, virtual reality, and telehealth can improve adherence.
What kind of exercise intervention is effective for adult childhood cancer survivors?
A combination of aerobic and resistance strength training increases peak power.
What was observed in the control group (usual activity) in the adult exercise study?
The control group showed a decrease in peak power.
What did studies find regarding protein supplementation and strength training?
Protein supplementation with strength training was not significantly different from strength training alone in its effect on muscle health. Also, protein supplementation during childhood cancer does not preserve muscle mass, suggesting anabolic resistance.
