Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Kidneys > Flashcards

Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

Nephritic Syndrome

A

OHHA

oliguria
hematuria
HPN
azotemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome

A

EPHAL

edema
proteinuria - >3.5 g/d
hyperlipidemia
hypoalbuminemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MCC of nephritic syndrome in CHILDREN

GAHBS (M12, 4 and 1)

increased ASO

decreased C3

A

Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (PSAGN)

LM: enlarged hypercellular glomeruli
EM: subepithelial humps on GBM
IF: granular deposits of IGG, C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Syndrome of progressive loss of renal function

CRESCENTS - proliferation of PARIETAL epithelial cells + leukocytes infiltrating the glomerulus

A

Crescentic (Rapidly Progressive) Glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Antibodies against the non-collagenous domain of a3 chain of COLLAGEN TYPE IV – necrotizing hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis and RPGN

MALE, ACTIVE SMOKERS

HEMOPTYSIS and RENAL FAILURE

A

RPGN Type I (GOODPASTURE SYNDROME)

IF: linear IgG and C3 deposits along the GBM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type III RPGN

Pauci-immune (presence of ANCA)

A

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (ANCA-associated vasculitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glomerular diseases presenting as Nephrotic Syndrome

A

Minimal Change Disease
FSGS
Membranous nephropathy
MPGN type I
Dense deposit disease (MPGN type II)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Signature finding in nephrotic syndrome

A

Diffuse effacement of foot processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MCC in CHILDREM
(-) azotemia
STEROID RESPONSIVE
normal glomerulus on LM

“lipoid nephrosis”
podocyte effacement

A

Minimal Change Disease (MCD)

ASSOCIATIONS:
Respiratory infections
prophylactic immunizations
NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2nd MCC in ADULTS
(-) azotemia
STEROID RESISTANT

A

Membranous Nephropathy (MGN)

uniform diffuse thickening of the capillary wall

ASSOCIATIONS:
SLE
Infections

EM: SPIKE AND DOME appearance
effacement of foot processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MCC in ADULTS
(+) azotemia

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

ASSOCIATIONS:
HIV
Sickle Cell Anemia
Heroin

EM: DIFFUSE EFFACEMENT of foot processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nephritic/Nephrotic syndrome

50% of patients progress to ESRD

(+) immune complex deposition

activation of classical and alternative

A

MPGN TYPE I

LM: DOUBLE CONTOUR TRAM TRACK APPEARANCE
EM: subendothelial electron dense deposits
IF: granular C3 deposits WITH IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nephritic/Nephrotic syndrome

50% of patients progress to ESRD

(-) immune complex deposition

activation of classical and alternative

A

DENSE DEPOSIT DISEASE (TYPE II)

EM: ribbon like
IF: granular or linear C3 W/O IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MC type of glomerulonephritis worldwide

GIT or GUT infection – gross hematuria

A

IgA Nephropathy (BERGER DISEASE)

post infectious hematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Systemic IgA deposition

MC in children 3-8 y/o

PURPURIC SKIN LESION

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP)

kidneys, intestines, joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MCC of ESRD

A

Diabetes

KIMMELSTIEL-WILSON NODULES

17
Q

LARGE END STAGE KIDNEYS

A

Amyloidosis
DM
HIV
PCKD

18
Q

Defective assembly of type IV collagen

AR

90% –> ESRD (males)

EYES - lens dislocation, posterior cataracts, corneal dystrophy

A

ALPORT SYNDROME

18
Q

Defective assembly of type IV collagen

AR

90% –> ESRD (males)

EYES - lens dislocation, posterior cataracts, corneal dystrophy

EARS - nerve deafness

KIDNEYS - hematuria

A

ALPORT SYNDROME

EM: early - THIN GBM
late - “BASKET WEAVE” APPEARANCE

19
Q

Hallmarks of Interstitial Nephritis

A

(-) nephritic or nephrotic syndrome
(+) defects in tubular function

20
Q

2nd MCC of AKI

A

Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Caused by Drugs and Toxins

21
Q

Acute Drug Induced Interstitial Nephritis

2-40 days after drug exposure

fever, eosinophilia, rash
RENAL ABNORMALITIES - hematuria, mild proteinuria, leukocyturia

withdrawal of offending drugs causes recovery BUT slow

A

TYPE I or IV Hypersensitivity

22
Q

MCC of Renal Artery Stenosis

stenosis – renal ischemia – increased RAAS activity – SECONDARY HPN

A

Atherosclerosis

fibromuscular dysplasia - 2nd MC

23
Q

Morphology of Renal Artery Stenosis

A

Diffuse ischemic atrophy w/ MILD arteriolosclerosis in IPSILATERAL kidney

SEVERE arteriolosclerosis in CONTRALATERAL kidney

24
Q

MC malignant tumor of the kidney

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

25
Q

2nd MC malignant tumor of the kidney

A

Wilms tumor

26
Q

3rd MC malignant tumor of the kidney

A

Urothelial carcinomas

27
Q

Most important risk factor in Renal Cell Carcinoma

A

SMOKING

28
Q

Triad of RCC

A

painless hematuria
flank pain
palpable mass

29
Q

Invasion and Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma

A

tendency to INVADE RENAL VEIN
tendency to metastasize WIDELY before being symptomatic

LUNGS and BONES - MC sites

30
Q

Paraneoplastic Syndromes associated with RCC

A

Polycythemia
Hypercalcemia
HPN
Hepatic dysfunction
Cushing syndrome
Eosinophilia
Leukemoid reaction
Amyloidosis

31
Q

MC type of RCC

PROXIMAL tubule cells

HISTOLOGY:

clear or granular cytoplasm - contains glycogen and lipids

A

Clear Cell RCC

ASSOCIATIONS:
Von Hippel Lindau - renal cysts, bilateral RCC

32
Q

DISTAL tubule cells

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer Syndrome

Hereditary papillary carcinoma (MET)

HISTOLOGY:

papillary formations
PSAMMOMA BODIES

A

Papillary Cell RCC

33
Q

INTERCALATED cells of CD

Associated with Birt-Hogg Dube syndrome

HISTOLOGY:
sheets of pale eosinophilic cells with perinuclear halo

A

Chromophobe Cell RCC

34
Q

Final common pathway of progressive nephron loss resulting from any type of kidney disease

A

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Morphology:
symmetrically contracted kidneys
red-brown and diffusely granular surfaces
scarring of glomeruli, interstitial fibrosis
(+) lymphocytic infiltrates

35
Q

MC bladder neoplasms

MALES
advancing age

SMOKING!

PAINLESS HEMATURIA

A

Urothelial Neoplasms

Pathology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions