Bones, Joints and Soft Tissue Flashcards
MC skeletal dysplasia and MAJOR cause of dwarfism
ACHONDROPLASIA
MC lethal form of dwarfism
THANATOTROPHIC DYSPLASIA
respiratory insufficiency - USUAL CAUSE OF DEATH
MC inherited disorder of CT
AD
extreme skeletal fragility d.t. TOO LITTLE BONE
OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
TYPE I COLLAGEN
TYPE OI - MOST LETHAL
Impaired osteoclast function –> EXCESSIVE BONE FORMATION
WOVEN deposited bone
OSTEOPETROSIS (MARBLE BONE DISEASE)
(-) medullary canal
ERLENMEYER FLASK DEFORMITY
MC skeletal malignancy
METASTASIS
MC primary malignant bone tumor
OSTEOSARCOMA
2nd MC malignant matrix producing tumor of the bone
CHONDROSARCOMA
2nd MC group of bone sarcomas in CHILDREN
EWING SARCOMA
MC BENIGN BONE TUMOR
adolescence early adulthood
SOLITARY
METAPHYSIS
KNEE
OSTEOCHODNROMA
Increased but disordered and structurally unsound bone
BONE PAIN
axial, skeleton, proximal femur
PAGET DISEASE (OSTEITIS DEFORMANS)
COMPLICATIONS:
high output failure - Pagetic bone as AV shunt
OSTEOSARCOMA AND FIBROSACROMA - MOST DREADED
mosaic pattern of lamellar bone
jigsaw puzzle like appearance d.t. cement lines
FRACTURE HEALING
0-2 weeks - PROCALLUS
2-3 weeks - BONY CALLUS (WOVEN)
3 weeks - months - LAMELLAR bone formation
< 2 cm
APPENDICULAR skeleton - femur or tibial
relieved by NSAIDs
MARKED reactive bone formation
OSTEOID OSTEOMA
radiofrequency ablation
> 2 cm
AXIAL skeleton - posterior spine
NOT relieved by NSAIDs
OSTEOBLASTOMA
en bloc excision
METAPHYSIS
CODMAN triangle - periosteal lifting
SUNBURST appearance - infiltrative borders
OSTEOSARCOMA
lace like pattern
broad sheets, primitive trabeculae
Benign tumor of HYALINE cartilage
20-50
METAPHYSIS
CHONDROMA
Ollier
Maffuci
2nd MC group of bone disorders in CHILDREN
<20 y/o
DIAHYSIS (femur)
(+) systemic symptoms
EWING SARCOMA
lytic lesion
ONION SKIN - periosteal reaction
MICROSCOPIC:
uniform, small, round blue cells
scant, clear cytoplasm
HOMER WRIGHT ROSETTES
BENIGN but LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE
INCREASED RANKL levels –> increased bone resorption
3rd-5th decade
EPIPHYSIS
GIANT CELL TUMOR (OSTEOCLASTOMA)
Benign tumor that shows features of localized developmental arrest of bone
CHINESE CHARACTER - curvilinear trabeculae of woven bone
NO OSTEOBLASTIC RIMMING
FIBROUS DYSPLASIA
ASSOCIATED DISEASES:
Mazabraud syndrome - polyostotic FD + soft tissue myxomas
McCune-Albright Syndrome - polyostotic FD + Cafe au lait spots + precocious puberty
Mechanical injury to articular cartilage
WEIGHT BEARING JOINTS - knees, hips
cartilage degeneration and fragmentation
BONE EBURNATION
OSTEOPHYTES
subchondral cysts
minimal inflammation
OSTEOARTHRITIS
BOUCHARD nodes - PIP
HEBERDEN - DIP
Autoimmunity
cartilage destruction caused by CD4 T cells and antibodies
SMALL JOINTS OF FINGERS –> MULTIPLE JOINTS
PANNUS
severe chronic inflammation
ANKYLOSIS
rheumatoid nodules
EXTRA-ARTICULAR INVOLVEMENT
(+) systemic symptoms
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
RHEUMATOID FACTOR
ANTI-CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE ANTIBODY
SWAN NECK
BOUTONNIERE
usually MONOARTICULAR
1st MTP of the BIG TOE - MC joint involved
MORE INTENSE inflammation
GOUT
monosodium urate
NEEDLE shaped
NEGATIVELY birefringent (YELLOW)
mono or polyarticular
KNEE - MC
PSEUDOGOUT
calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
RHOMBOID
POSITIVELY birefringent (BLUE)
Pathognomonic hallmark of gout
TOPHI
MC subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma
EMBRYONAL
mixture of primitive round and spindle cells
SARCOMA BOTYOIDES - BEST PROGNOSIS
