Inflammation and Repair

Question 1

Steps in LEUKOCYTE RECRUITMENT

Answer 1

MRATC
1. Margination
2.Rolling
3.Adhesion
4.Transmigration
5. Chemotaxis

Question 2

The process of leukocyte ACCUMULATION at the PERIPHERY of the blood. vessels

Answer 2

Margination

Question 3

TRANSIENT BINDING and DETACHMENT of leukocytes to the endothelium
Mediated by SELECTINS

Answer 3

Rolling

Question 4

FRIM ADHESION of leukocytes to the endothelium
Mediated by INTEGRIN

Answer 4

Adhesion

Question 5

The process of MIGRATION of leukocytes through the endothelium
Mediated by PECAM-1/CD31

Answer 5

Transmigration or Diapedesis

Question 6

Process of leukocyte migration toward sites of infection or injury along a chemical gradient mediated by exogenous or endogenous substances

Answer 6

Chemotaxis

Question 7

Type of inflammatory mediators that are normally SEQUESTERED in INTRACELLULAR GRANULES
Can be rapidly secreted by granule exocytosis or are synthesized de novo in response to a stimulus

Answer 7

CELL DERIVED MEDIATORS

histamine
serotonin
cytokines
arachidonic acid derivatives (prostaglandins and//leukotrienes)

Question 8

Type of inflammatory mediators that are PRODUCED MAINLY in the LIVER
Present in the circulation as INACTIVE precursors that must be activated by PROTEOLYTIC cleavage to acquire their biologic properties

Answer 8

PLASMA DERIVED MEDIATORS

complement
coagulation system
kinin system

Question 9

Vasoactive amine found in PLATELETS and NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS
Causes VASOCONSTRICTION

Answer 9

Serotonin

Question 10

VASODILATION

Answer 10

PGI2 (Prostacyclin)
PGE1 (Prostaglandin)
PGE2 (Dinoprostone)
PGD2

Question 11

VASOCONSTRICTION

Answer 11

TXA2
LTC4
LTD4
LTE4

Question 12

INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY

Answer 12

LTC4
LTD4
LTE4

Question 13

CHEMOTAXIS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION

Answer 13

LTB4
Hydroxyeicosatetratenoic acid (HETE)

Question 14

Most abundant complement

Answer 14

C3

Question 15

Complement that acts as OPSONIN

Answer 15

C3b

Question 16

ANAPHYLATOXINS

Answer 16

C3a, C4a, C5a

Question 17

MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX (MAC)

Answer 17

C5b
C6-C9

Question 18

Deficiency of the ff complement-related protein causes HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA

Answer 18

C1 inhibitor deficiency

Question 19

Deficiency of the ff complement protein increases susceptibility to INFECTIONS involving PYOGENIC BACTERIA

Answer 19

C3

Question 20

Deficiency of the ff complement proteins increases susceptibility to IMMUNE COMPLEX MEDIATED DISEASE

Answer 20

C1q, C2 and C4

Question 21

Deficiency of the ff complement protein increases susceptibility to NEISSERIA INFECTIONS

Answer 21

C5-C9

Question 22

Main cells involved in CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

Answer 22

monocytes/macrophages
lymphocytes

Question 23

Collections of ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES, some of which form MULTINUCLEATED GIANT CELLS often w/ T lymphocytes and sometimes associated w/ CENTRAL NECROSIS

Answer 23

Granuloma

Question 24

2 kinds of cells seen in GRANULOMAS

Answer 24

Epithelioid cells
Giant cells

Question 25

Precursor cell of epithelioid cells and giant cells

Answer 25

Macrophages

Question 26

Type of tissue whose cells can READILY REGENERATE as long as the pool of stem cell is preserved

Answer 26

LABILE TISSUES bone marrow vaginal epithelium

Question 27

Type of tissue whose cells are considered to be terminally differentiated and are NON-PROLIFERATIVE in POSTNATAL LIFE

Answer 27

PERMANENT TISSUES neurons cardiac muscle

Question 28

Type of tissue whose cells are quiescent and have only minimal replicative activity in their normal state Capable of PROLIFERATING IN RESPONSE TO INJURY OR LOSS OF TISSUE MASS

Answer 28

STABLE TISSUES smooth muscles endothelium liver parenchyma

Question 29

Type of repair that happens in LABILE and STABLE tissues Influenced by GROWTH FACTORS

Answer 29

Regeneration

Question 30

Type of repair that happens in CHRONIC, SEVERE INFLAMMATION and PERMANENT TISSUES

Answer 30

Connective Tissue Deposition

Question 31

Steps in healing by CT deposition

Answer 31

1. Angiogenesis 2. Formation of granulation tissue 3. Remodeling of the scar

Question 32

Most notable growth factor in ANGIOGENESIS

Answer 32

VEGF

Question 33

Most important CYTOKINE for synthesis and deposition of CT

Answer 33

TGF-B

Question 34

Hallmark of REPAIR

Answer 34

Granulation tissue

Question 35

Components of GRANULATION TISSUE

Answer 35

1. Proliferation of FIBROBLASTS 2. LOOSE CT 3. Angiogenesis 4. Inflammatory cells

Question 36

Most important source of growth factors during repair

Answer 36

Macrophage

Question 37

Factors that impede repair

Answer 37

infections DM vitamin C deficiency glucocorticoids (-) TGF-B pressure poor perfusion foreign bodies location of injury