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Pathology > Inflammation and Repair > Flashcards

Inflammation and Repair Flashcards

1
Q

Steps in LEUKOCYTE RECRUITMENT

A

MRATC
1. Margination
2.Rolling
3.Adhesion
4.Transmigration
5. Chemotaxis

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2
Q

The process of leukocyte ACCUMULATION at the PERIPHERY of the blood. vessels

A

Margination

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3
Q

TRANSIENT BINDING and DETACHMENT of leukocytes to the endothelium
Mediated by SELECTINS

A

Rolling

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4
Q

FRIM ADHESION of leukocytes to the endothelium
Mediated by INTEGRIN

A

Adhesion

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5
Q

The process of MIGRATION of leukocytes through the endothelium
Mediated by PECAM-1/CD31

A

Transmigration or Diapedesis

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6
Q

Process of leukocyte migration toward sites of infection or injury along a chemical gradient mediated by exogenous or endogenous substances

A

Chemotaxis

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7
Q

Type of inflammatory mediators that are normally SEQUESTERED in INTRACELLULAR GRANULES
Can be rapidly secreted by granule exocytosis or are synthesized de novo in response to a stimulus

A

CELL DERIVED MEDIATORS

histamine
serotonin
cytokines
arachidonic acid derivatives (prostaglandins and//leukotrienes)

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8
Q

Type of inflammatory mediators that are PRODUCED MAINLY in the LIVER
Present in the circulation as INACTIVE precursors that must be activated by PROTEOLYTIC cleavage to acquire their biologic properties

A

PLASMA DERIVED MEDIATORS

complement
coagulation system
kinin system

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9
Q

Vasoactive amine found in PLATELETS and NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS
Causes VASOCONSTRICTION

A

Serotonin

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10
Q

VASODILATION

A

PGI2 (Prostacyclin)
PGE1 (Prostaglandin)
PGE2 (Dinoprostone)
PGD2

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11
Q

VASOCONSTRICTION

A

TXA2
LTC4
LTD4
LTE4

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12
Q

INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY

A

LTC4
LTD4
LTE4

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13
Q

CHEMOTAXIS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION

A

LTB4
Hydroxyeicosatetratenoic acid (HETE)

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14
Q

Most abundant complement

A

C3

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15
Q

Complement that acts as OPSONIN

A

C3b

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16
Q

ANAPHYLATOXINS

A

C3a, C4a, C5a

17
Q

MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX (MAC)

A

C5b
C6-C9

18
Q

Deficiency of the ff complement-related protein causes HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA

A

C1 inhibitor deficiency

19
Q

Deficiency of the ff complement protein increases susceptibility to INFECTIONS involving PYOGENIC BACTERIA

A

C3

20
Q

Deficiency of the ff complement proteins increases susceptibility to IMMUNE COMPLEX MEDIATED DISEASE

A

C1q, C2 and C4

21
Q

Deficiency of the ff complement protein increases susceptibility to NEISSERIA INFECTIONS

A

C5-C9

22
Q

Main cells involved in CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

A

monocytes/macrophages
lymphocytes

23
Q

Collections of ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES, some of which form MULTINUCLEATED GIANT CELLS often w/ T lymphocytes and sometimes associated w/ CENTRAL NECROSIS

A

Granuloma

24
Q

2 kinds of cells seen in GRANULOMAS

A

Epithelioid cells
Giant cells

25
Q

Precursor cell of epithelioid cells and giant cells

A

Macrophages

26
Q

Type of tissue whose cells can READILY REGENERATE as long as the pool of stem cell is preserved

A

LABILE TISSUES

bone marrow
vaginal epithelium

27
Q

Type of tissue whose cells are considered to be terminally differentiated and are NON-PROLIFERATIVE in POSTNATAL LIFE

A

PERMANENT TISSUES

neurons
cardiac muscle

28
Q

Type of tissue whose cells are quiescent and have only minimal replicative activity in their normal state
Capable of PROLIFERATING IN RESPONSE TO INJURY OR LOSS OF TISSUE MASS

A

STABLE TISSUES

smooth muscles
endothelium
liver parenchyma

29
Q

Type of repair that happens in LABILE and STABLE tissues
Influenced by GROWTH FACTORS

A

Regeneration

30
Q

Type of repair that happens in CHRONIC, SEVERE INFLAMMATION and PERMANENT TISSUES

A

Connective Tissue Deposition

31
Q

Steps in healing by CT deposition

A
  1. Angiogenesis
  2. Formation of granulation tissue
  3. Remodeling of the scar
32
Q

Most notable growth factor in ANGIOGENESIS

A

VEGF

33
Q

Most important CYTOKINE for synthesis and deposition of CT

A

TGF-B

34
Q

Hallmark of REPAIR

A

Granulation tissue

35
Q

Components of GRANULATION TISSUE

A
  1. Proliferation of FIBROBLASTS
  2. LOOSE CT
  3. Angiogenesis
  4. Inflammatory cells
36
Q

Most important source of growth factors during repair

A

Macrophage

37
Q

Factors that impede repair

A

infections
DM
vitamin C deficiency
glucocorticoids (-) TGF-B
pressure
poor perfusion
foreign bodies
location of injury

Pathology (24 decks)

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