Eyes

Question 1

MC malignancy of the eyelid

Answer 1

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

Question 2

may metastasize and is therefore a serious and potentially life-threatening condition

Answer 2

Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid

Question 3

Submucosal conjunctival elevations that arise in SUN-EXPOSED AREAS of the conjunctiva

actinic (sun-induced) damage

Answer 3

PINGUECULA

PTERYGIUM
(+) corneal invasion
(+) astigmatism

Question 4

MC sites of CONJUNCTIVAL NEOPLASMS

Answer 4

LIMBUS

Question 5

Can be seen in OI, Staphyloma, Congenital melanosis coli

TYNDALL EFFECT

Answer 5

BLUE SCLERA

Question 6

Main refractive surface of the eyes (2/3 of total refractive power of the eye)
40/60 diopters

distortion of the corneal contour –> ASTIGMATISM

Answer 6

CORNEA

avascular
feature that contributes to transparency and the low incidence of graft rejection after corneal transplantation

Question 7

Corneal thinning – cone shaped cornea

Seen in:
Down syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Atopic Diseases

Answer 7

KERATOCONUS

Thinning of the cornea with breaks in the Bowman layer
- HISTOLOGIC HALLMARKS

Question 8

Collection of pus in the anterior chamber

Answer 8

HYPOPYON

Question 9

MC intraocular malignancy

Mostly found in choroid (d.t. rich vascularity)

Answer 9

METASTASIS TO UVEA

Question 10

MC primary intraocular malignancy in ADULTS

Answer 10

UVEAL MELANOMA

Question 11

MC location w/ metastases of UVEAL MELANOMAS

Answer 11

LIVER

Question 12

Separation of neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

Ophthalmic Emergency

Answer 12

RETINAL DETACHMENT

Question 13

Reliable indicator of DM in the eyes

Answer 13

thickening of BM of epithelium of pars plicata of ciliary body

Question 14

Types of Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 14

NONPROLIFERATIVE

thickening of BM of retinal blood vessels
MICROANEURYSMS
EXUDATES in outer plexiform layer

PROLIFERATIVE

retinal NEOVASCULARIZATION - vessels have reached INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE

Question 15

Occurs in ISCHEMIA

i.e. CRA, atherosclerosis

HOLLENHORST PLAQUES

CHERRY RED SPOT

Answer 15

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)

Ophthalmic Emergency

Question 16

May occur w/ or w/o ischemia

ISCHEMIC: neovascularization of retina
NON-ISCHEMIC: hemorrhages, exudates, macular edema

blood and thunder appearance

Answer 16

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)

Question 17

Types of Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

Answer 17

DRY ARMD

drusen formation in Bruch membrane and geographic RPE atrophy

WET ARMD

choroidal neovascularization

Question 18

X-linked, AR or AD disorder d.t. APOPTOSIS OF RODS AND CONES

Morphology:
Waxy pallor of the optic disc
Accumulation of RETINAL PIGMENT around blood vessels

Answer 18

RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA

Apoptosis of Rods: NYCTALOPIA
Apoptosis of Cones: CENTRAL VISUAL ACUITY IMPAIRMENT

Question 19

MC primary tumor intraocular malignancy in CHILDREN

LEUKOCORIA

Answer 19

RETINOBLASTOMA

Morphology:
SMALL, ROUND BLUE CELLS
FLEXNER-WINTERSTEINER ROSETTES AND FLEURETTES

Question 20

Aggressive tumor involving RPE and neurosensory retina

DLBCL - MC

BRAIN INVOLVEMENT via the OPTIC NERVE

Answer 20

RETINAL LYMPHOMA

Question 21

Atrophic eye with internal disorganization

END STAGE EYE DISEASE

Answer 21

PHTHISIS BULBI