Eyes Flashcards
MC malignancy of the eyelid
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
may metastasize and is therefore a serious and potentially life-threatening condition
Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid
Submucosal conjunctival elevations that arise in SUN-EXPOSED AREAS of the conjunctiva
actinic (sun-induced) damage
PINGUECULA
PTERYGIUM
(+) corneal invasion
(+) astigmatism
MC sites of CONJUNCTIVAL NEOPLASMS
LIMBUS
Can be seen in OI, Staphyloma, Congenital melanosis coli
TYNDALL EFFECT
BLUE SCLERA
Main refractive surface of the eyes (2/3 of total refractive power of the eye)
40/60 diopters
distortion of the corneal contour –> ASTIGMATISM
CORNEA
avascular
feature that contributes to transparency and the low incidence of graft rejection after corneal transplantation
Corneal thinning – cone shaped cornea
Seen in:
Down syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Atopic Diseases
KERATOCONUS
Thinning of the cornea with breaks in the Bowman layer
- HISTOLOGIC HALLMARKS
Collection of pus in the anterior chamber
HYPOPYON
MC intraocular malignancy
Mostly found in choroid (d.t. rich vascularity)
METASTASIS TO UVEA
MC primary intraocular malignancy in ADULTS
UVEAL MELANOMA
MC location w/ metastases of UVEAL MELANOMAS
LIVER
Separation of neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)
Ophthalmic Emergency
RETINAL DETACHMENT
Reliable indicator of DM in the eyes
thickening of BM of epithelium of pars plicata of ciliary body
Types of Diabetic Retinopathy
NONPROLIFERATIVE
thickening of BM of retinal blood vessels
MICROANEURYSMS
EXUDATES in outer plexiform layer
PROLIFERATIVE
retinal NEOVASCULARIZATION - vessels have reached INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE
Occurs in ISCHEMIA
i.e. CRA, atherosclerosis
HOLLENHORST PLAQUES
CHERRY RED SPOT
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)
Ophthalmic Emergency
May occur w/ or w/o ischemia
ISCHEMIC: neovascularization of retina
NON-ISCHEMIC: hemorrhages, exudates, macular edema
blood and thunder appearance
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
Types of Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)
DRY ARMD
drusen formation in Bruch membrane and geographic RPE atrophy
WET ARMD
choroidal neovascularization
X-linked, AR or AD disorder d.t. APOPTOSIS OF RODS AND CONES
Morphology:
Waxy pallor of the optic disc
Accumulation of RETINAL PIGMENT around blood vessels
RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
Apoptosis of Rods: NYCTALOPIA
Apoptosis of Cones: CENTRAL VISUAL ACUITY IMPAIRMENT
MC primary tumor intraocular malignancy in CHILDREN
LEUKOCORIA
RETINOBLASTOMA
Morphology:
SMALL, ROUND BLUE CELLS
FLEXNER-WINTERSTEINER ROSETTES AND FLEURETTES
Aggressive tumor involving RPE and neurosensory retina
DLBCL - MC
BRAIN INVOLVEMENT via the OPTIC NERVE
RETINAL LYMPHOMA
Atrophic eye with internal disorganization
END STAGE EYE DISEASE
PHTHISIS BULBI
