Kidney tumors (B&M)

Question 1

what is another name for renal hamartoma?

Answer 1

angiomyolipoma

Question 2

angiomyolipomas are composed of….?

Answer 2

fats, blood vessels, and smooth muscle tissue

Question 3

renal hamartoma affects what gender?

Answer 3

females 3x more than men.

Question 4

what disease do 80% of patients with renal hamartoma have?

Answer 4

tuberous sclerosis

Question 5

what is the sonographic appearance of an angiomyolipoma?

Answer 5

angiomyolipomas appear as large, echogenic tumors with a high vascular supply and tend to hemorrhage

Question 6

what is an adenoma?

Answer 6

an asymptomatic mass arising from tubule cells and occasionally become malignant

Question 7

what is the sonographic appearance of an adenoma?

Answer 7

• small, solid mass (<3cm)
• may be hyperechoic or hypoechoic
• well-defined borders

Question 8

what is a fibroma?

Answer 8

a mass made up of fibrous encapsulated connective tissue that is found in and around the renal sinus.

Question 9

what is the sonographic appearance of a fibroma?

Answer 9

discrete hypoechoic mass

Question 10

what is a lipoma?

Answer 10

asymptomatic fatty tumor

Question 11

what is the sonographic appearance of a lipoma?

Answer 11

small echogenic mass

Question 12

what is the most common renal malignancy?

Answer 12

renal cell carcinoma

Question 13

what is another name for renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 13

adenocarcinoma

Question 14

who is at risk for renal cancer?

Answer 14

males over 50 yoa

Question 15

what are the clinical signs of renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 15

flank pain, hematuria, fever, and weight loss

Question 16

where might renal cell carcinoma metastasize to?

Answer 16

lungs, liver, brain, and bones

Question 17

what is the sonographic appearance of renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 17

predominantly solid mass, known to invade the renal vein

Question 18

what is the most common renal cancer in children?

Answer 18

Wilm’s tumor

Question 19

what is another name for Wilm’s tumor?

Answer 19

nephroblastoma

Question 20

where does Wilm’s tumor spread?

Answer 20

lungs, liver, or brain

Question 21

what is the prognosis from Wilm’s tumor?

Answer 21

a large, flank mass

Question 22

what is the average age for Wilm’s tumor?

Answer 22

3.5 yoa

Question 23

what are the clinical symptoms for Wilm’s tumor?

Answer 23

Wilm’s tumor is asymptomatic

Question 24

40% of patients with Wilm’s tumor will have _____

Answer 24

renal thrombus

Question 25

how does Wilm’s tumor appear on ultrasound?

Answer 25

homogeneous and echogenic mass

Question 26

what is another common renal cancer?

Answer 26

transitional cell carcinoma

Question 27

what are the clinical signs for transitional cell carcinoma?

Answer 27

hematuria and blood clots

Question 28

transitional cell carcinoma is most common in ______

Answer 28

males over 60 yoa

Question 29

what is the sonographic appearance of transitional cell carcinoma?

Answer 29

appears small and can be either hyperechoic or hypoechoic

Question 30

what cancers metastasize to the kidneys?

Answer 30

lung and breast cancer

Question 31

what are the clinical symptoms of mets (metastasis)?

Answer 31

hematuria, weight loss, fever, pain, elevated BUN, and creatine

Question 32

what is the sonographic appearance of mets?

Answer 32

varies from hypoechoic to hyperechoic masses

Question 33

what type of cancer invades the kidneys?

Answer 33

lymphoma

Question 34

what is the sonographic appearance of lymphoma?

Answer 34

large, hypoechoic masses that can be numerous and bilateral