AO/IVC Pathologies Flashcards
what is the measurement for an AO if it has an aneurysm?
over 6mm
what is the most common sites for blood clots to form?
lower extremities
if you have an obstruction in the prox AO, what will be dialated?
distal to the obstruction will be dialated
what is the most common cause of an aneurysm?
atherosclerosis
what age group is most likely to have an aneurysm?
older men
what is the most common site for an aneurysm?
below the renal arteries
what are abdominal dissections?
separation of the walls; intimal lining is detached.
what is the most common spot for dissection?
Ascending AO
what is the most common reason for a dissection?
hypertension
what vein crosses between the abdominal AO and the SMA?
the left renal vein
what is the most common type of aneurysm?
usiform and saccular
what is a usiform aneurysm?
bulge on both sides
what is a saccular aneurysm?
bulge on one side; like a sack
what is the mean diameter of the IVC?
2.5 cm or below
when you have tumors in the IVC, it typically spreads from where?
the kidneys (renal cell carcinoma)
when you have a thrombus in the IVC, if acute, what does it look like?
dark (if new)
more echogenic (if older)
what is the purpose of an IVC filter?
- filters out a blood clot
- usually put in the distal IVC
- made of metal, so it is echogenic on US
hepatofugal
shows blood moving away from the liver, and appears as blue.
hepatopetal
shows blood moving toward the liver, and appears as red.
if you have a portal with hepatoFUGAL flow, what is the most common reason/diagnosis?
portal hypertension or cirrhosis
what is the most common cause for portal hypertension?
poor liver function, or an obstruction
what is the most common pathology with portal hypertension?
cirrhosis
what is the most common cause of cirrhosis?
alcoholism
which vessel carries the most nutrients to the liver?
portal veins
what does the portal triad (mickey mouse sign) made up of?
1) common bile duct
2) main portal vein
3) hepatic artery
what is a mycotic aneurysm?
an aneurysm caused from an infection
what is Budd Chiari Syndrome?
a thrombus (blood clot) in the hepatics
what is Marfan’s syndrome?
vessels are stetched, causing weakened vessel walls.
- patients with Marfan’s syndrome are usually tall and very thin
how would a dissection appear on an ultrasound?
intimal lining is moving kind of like a flap
what is pseudoaneurysm?
a leakage of blood from an artery into the surrounding tissue with persistent communication between the originating artery and the adjacent cavity.
