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Year 2 Met > kidney histology > Flashcards

kidney histology Flashcards

1
Q

renal cortex or medulla

A

cortex. you can see glomeruli

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2
Q

renal cortex or medulla

A

medulla, only tubules

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3
Q

what doesn’t work in congenital nephrotic syndrome. what are the consequences

A

nephrin, massive proteinuria

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4
Q

which artery exits the kidney

A

efferent Exits

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5
Q

which cells produce renin

A

juxtaglomerular cells

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6
Q

mesangial cells are what?

A

modified smooth muscle cells in the glomerulus. phagocytosis

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7
Q

macula dense cells are part of the

A

DCT

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8
Q

3 types of cell in teh glomerulus

A

podocytes
endothelial
mesangial

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9
Q

how to identify mesangial cells

A

stain darker

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10
Q

pct is lined with

A

large cuboidal epithelium (big cells with few nuclei)

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11
Q

large cuboidal epithelium of pct has what on the lumen side

A

brush border

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12
Q

what are these 3 types of cells in the bowmna’s capsule

A

yellow mesangial
green podocytes
blue endothelial

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13
Q

DCT is also lined with… but no…

A

cuboidal epithelium…brush border

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14
Q

what is the role of PG E2 in the kidney

A

vasodilation - regulate the flow of… who knows

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15
Q

mucosa is??

A

epithelium plus basement membrane and lamina propria

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16
Q

in the ureter which way are the two layers of muscle

A

longditudinal inside, horiontal outside

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17
Q

what is on the surface of transitional epithelium to accommodate stretch

A

uroplakins

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18
Q

are there 1ary and 2ary glomerular diseases?

A

yes

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19
Q

minimal change nephrotic disease is common in children. what is the symptom

A

massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia

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20
Q

how do you see minimum change disease and what do you see

A

electron microscopy
loss of pedicles, loss of slit diaphragm

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21
Q

what is tx for minimal change glom disease

A

steroids

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22
Q

what is this

A

glomerulonephritis - thickened basement membrane

23
Q

what is depositied in the GBM in glomerulonephritis

A

Ig

24
Q

position of Ig deposits in glomerulonephritis tells you which it is. give some examples

A

Subepithelial humps, as in acute glomerulonephritis;
Epimembranous deposits, as in membranous nephropathy and Heymann nephritis;
Subendothelial deposits, as in lupus nephritis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis;
Mesangial deposits, as in IgA nephropathy.

25
Q

Renal clear cell carcinomas originate…

A

in the PCT

26
Q

which mutation associated with clear cell carcinomas?

A

von Hippel Lindau (VHL gene)

27
Q

which cancer most common in bladder

A

transitional cell

28
Q

which is the urinary pole and which is the vascular pole of Bowmn’s apsule

A
29
Q

what characterises collecting tubules?

A

lots of nuclei with sharp border between cells

30
Q

what is this

A

renal medulla lots of litle loops of henle

31
Q

thin ascending/descending limb has what epithelium

A

squamous

32
Q

thick ascending/descending limb has what epithelium

A

cuboidal

33
Q

kidney ribs

A

l 11/12
r 12 only

34
Q

USS kidney from where

A

lateral flank

35
Q

what is between liver and kidney

A

hepatorenal recess (pouch of Morrison)

36
Q

significance of pouch of Morrison

A

place where fluid will accumulate if pt is lying on back

37
Q

bleedin’ from renal artery contained within

A

renal fascia

38
Q

ilioinguinal nerve provides sensory innervation to the labia majora/scrotum via the

A

inguinal canal

39
Q

genital branch of genitofemoral innervates

A

cremaster muscle

40
Q

femoral branch of gf innervates

A

medial thigh

41
Q

when use cremaster reflex test

A

suspected testicular torsion

42
Q

what is lumbosacral trunk

A

takes contributions from L4-5 to sciatic

43
Q

2 types of collecting duct cells - what do they do?

A

principal cells Na/K
intercalated cells - H or HCO3

44
Q

what vertebral level IMA

A

L3

45
Q

which renal vein is longer

A

L

46
Q

l/r adrenal vein drainage

A

l goes into renal vein
r goes straight into IVC

(same as gonadal veins)

47
Q

GF nerve runs on anterior surface of

A

psoas major

48
Q

renal arteries split into

A

5-6 segmental arteries

49
Q

renal segmental arteries split into

A

interlobar -> arcuate -> interlobular -> glomeruli

50
Q

what cells go between loops of henle like rungs of ladder?
what do they do?

A

interstitial - secrete EPO in the cortex,
secrete PG E2 in the medulla

51
Q

urine journey in kidney

A

papilla -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter

52
Q

3 constrictions along length of ureters

A

ureteropelvic junction
pelvic inlet (crosses iliac vessels and bends backwards)
ureterovesical jct (where ureter joins bladder)

53
Q
A

Year 2 Met (17 decks)

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