kidney histology Flashcards
renal cortex or medulla
cortex. you can see glomeruli
renal cortex or medulla
medulla, only tubules
what doesn’t work in congenital nephrotic syndrome. what are the consequences
nephrin, massive proteinuria
which artery exits the kidney
efferent Exits
which cells produce renin
juxtaglomerular cells
mesangial cells are what?
modified smooth muscle cells in the glomerulus. phagocytosis
macula dense cells are part of the
DCT
3 types of cell in teh glomerulus
podocytes
endothelial
mesangial
how to identify mesangial cells
stain darker
pct is lined with
large cuboidal epithelium (big cells with few nuclei)
large cuboidal epithelium of pct has what on the lumen side
brush border
what are these 3 types of cells in the bowmna’s capsule
yellow mesangial
green podocytes
blue endothelial
DCT is also lined with… but no…
cuboidal epithelium…brush border
what is the role of PG E2 in the kidney
vasodilation - regulate the flow of… who knows
mucosa is??
epithelium plus basement membrane and lamina propria
in the ureter which way are the two layers of muscle
longditudinal inside, horiontal outside
what is on the surface of transitional epithelium to accommodate stretch
uroplakins
are there 1ary and 2ary glomerular diseases?
yes
minimal change nephrotic disease is common in children. what is the symptom
massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia
how do you see minimum change disease and what do you see
electron microscopy
loss of pedicles, loss of slit diaphragm
what is tx for minimal change glom disease
steroids
what is this
glomerulonephritis - thickened basement membrane
what is depositied in the GBM in glomerulonephritis
Ig
position of Ig deposits in glomerulonephritis tells you which it is. give some examples
Subepithelial humps, as in acute glomerulonephritis;
Epimembranous deposits, as in membranous nephropathy and Heymann nephritis;
Subendothelial deposits, as in lupus nephritis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis;
Mesangial deposits, as in IgA nephropathy.
Renal clear cell carcinomas originate…
in the PCT
which mutation associated with clear cell carcinomas?
von Hippel Lindau (VHL gene)
which cancer most common in bladder
transitional cell
which is the urinary pole and which is the vascular pole of Bowmn’s apsule
what characterises collecting tubules?
lots of nuclei with sharp border between cells
what is this
renal medulla lots of litle loops of henle
thin ascending/descending limb has what epithelium
squamous
thick ascending/descending limb has what epithelium
cuboidal
kidney ribs
l 11/12
r 12 only
USS kidney from where
lateral flank
what is between liver and kidney
hepatorenal recess (pouch of Morrison)
significance of pouch of Morrison
place where fluid will accumulate if pt is lying on back
bleedin’ from renal artery contained within
renal fascia
ilioinguinal nerve provides sensory innervation to the labia majora/scrotum via the
inguinal canal
genital branch of genitofemoral innervates
cremaster muscle
femoral branch of gf innervates
medial thigh
when use cremaster reflex test
suspected testicular torsion
what is lumbosacral trunk
takes contributions from L4-5 to sciatic
2 types of collecting duct cells - what do they do?
principal cells Na/K
intercalated cells - H or HCO3
what vertebral level IMA
L3
which renal vein is longer
L
l/r adrenal vein drainage
l goes into renal vein
r goes straight into IVC
(same as gonadal veins)
GF nerve runs on anterior surface of
psoas major
renal arteries split into
5-6 segmental arteries
renal segmental arteries split into
interlobar -> arcuate -> interlobular -> glomeruli
what cells go between loops of henle like rungs of ladder?
what do they do?
interstitial - secrete EPO in the cortex,
secrete PG E2 in the medulla
urine journey in kidney
papilla -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter
3 constrictions along length of ureters
ureteropelvic junction
pelvic inlet (crosses iliac vessels and bends backwards)
ureterovesical jct (where ureter joins bladder)
