endocrine histology Flashcards
what connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus
infundibulum
what is proper name for ant. pituitary
adenohypophysis
3 types of cell in adenohypophyissi histology
chromophobes 50%
acidophils 40%
basophils 10%
what are Herring bodies
axon bulgings, containing secretory granules, spheroid, eosinophilic
what is name for post. pituitary
neurohypophysis
adenoma histology in pituitary
monotonous pattern, uniform cells
most comon adenomas in anterior pituitary
lactotroph amd somatotroph
which cells produce parathyroid hormone
chief
functional unit of the thyroid
follicle
what cells are in between thyroid follices
C (clear) cell
what is in colloid
iodinated thyroglubulin
what is t4
thyroxine
what do Clear cells secrete
calcitonin
normal morphology of thyroid follicular epithelial cells
cuboidal or low columnar
Graves disease histology
Diffuse hypertrophy and hyperplasia of follicular cells (tall and columnar and more crowded) —results in papillary formation which project into the lumen.
Lymphoid infiltration (mostly T cells) into the thyroid stroma
Cells often are enlarged and can show cytoplasmic eosinophilia, with enlarged nuclei and can mimic the nuclei of papillary thyroid carcinoma (no fibrovascular cores)
The colloid shows scalloping reflecting increased use of the colloid to produce thyroxin
hashimoto antigen against
follicular cells
moprhology of hashimoto
eosinophilic epithelial Hurthle cells (big, granular, oncocytes) and fibrotic bands.
goitre?
graves
Hashimoto BUT eventually atrophy
scalloping Graves disease, colloid is atrophied
which is widest zona in adrenal gland
fasciculat
chromaffin cells are called becuase
stain with chromium
origin of chromaffin cells
neurones
where are chromaffin cells
adrenal medulla
chromaffin cells produce
adrenaline
functional adenomas in adrenal cortex cause
Cushings
stimulants (2) of ZG
K levels and angiotensin 2
difference between Cushings syndrom and disease
???
ZF cells are filled with
lipid droplets
what is addisons disease
autoimmune
adrenal hypofunction
degeneration of the cortex
histopathology of addisons
Atrophic glands
Fibrosis of adrenal capsule
No differentiation of the cortical epithelial areas and the medulla (below)
Marked lymphocytic infiltration (autoimmune)
pheocromocytoma means
dark colour tumour
pheochromocytoma location
medulla
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
High blood pressure, Headache, Heavy sweating, Rapid heartbeat, Tremors
Pallor, Shortness of breath
Panic attack-type symptoms
exocrine pancreas produces
digestive enzyems
endocrine pancreas prodyces
insulin
glucagon
pancreatic polypeptides
histopathology DMt1
shrunken and fewer islets
DT2 what can you see
amyloid deposits
