Kidney Failure Flashcards
What are the consequences of kidney failure?
No control of blood pH No control of blood pressure No control of blood water potential Anaemia Lack of RBCs
What are the treatments for Kindey disease?
Renal Dialysis
Transplantation
How is Kidney disease measure?
Glomerular filtrate rate (GFR)
Level of creatinine in urine measures
What is creatinine?
Breakdown product of muscle
What are the 2 types of Renal Dialysis?
Haemodialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis
What factors are important in the dialysis fluid?
Same amount of glucose and minerals as blood
No urea
37°C temperature
How does the dialysis fluid work?
Creates a steep concentration gradient from blood to fluid. Urea diffuses along gradient
Passive process
What are the advantages of Haemodialysis?
Countercurrent
Fast
What are the advantages of Peritoneal Dialysis?
Can be done at home
Peopele can walk around whilst treatment is happening
What are the disadvantages of Haemodialysis?
Fixed to a machine
Have to go to hospital
Damages veins making treatment hard
What are the disadvantages of Peritoneal Dialysis?
No countercurrebt
Slow process
How does Haemodialysis work?
Blood from artery in arm attached to tubes.
Blood passes through dialyser.
What stops the blood form clotting in hameodialysis?
heparin pump
What prevents air bubbles entering the body in hameodialysis?
air detector and clamp
Why is a dialyser so effective?
Countercurrent made by fine capillary tubes in dialyser.
increase in surface area to maximize exchange
How does peritoneal dialysis work?
Catheter inserted into abdomen.
Solution left flowing into abdomen for a few hours then drained out.
How does a Kindey transplant work?
Healthy donor kidney placed in patient.
Renal artery and Renal vein connected.
Ureter from New Kindey inseted into bladder
What are the advantages of a transplant over dialysis?
Longer lasting
No need to control diet
Cheaper in long run
No cumulative damage to veins
What are the problems with transplantation?
Low availability/ Lack of donors
Rejection
Need for immunosuppressabt drugs for test of life
Why are immunosuppressant drugs bad?
Make you vulnerable to illness.
How frequent is dialysis?
2 to 3 times a week
