Kidney Diseases and Technology

Question 1

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 1

Blood glucose high due to lack of insulin or lack of response to insulin
- Causes more frequent urination because blood glucose threshold is exceeded so excess glucose remains in filtrate - osmotic gradient cannot be established at proximal tubules, so water cannot be reabsorbed, becoming urine

Question 2

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 2

Water not reabsorbed at distal tubule due to lack of ADH produced, leading to more urine

Question 3

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Answer 3

Caused by bacteria or viruses, more common in females –> symptoms: burning, painful urination, bloody or brown urine

Question 4

Kidney Stones

Answer 4

Crystalline formation caused by excess calcium in urine - can be caused by low water intake or low activity levels

Question 5

Renal Insufficiency

Answer 5

When kidneys cannot maintain homeostasis due to nephron damage (from kidney infection, high bp, diabetes, etc.) –> nephrons can regenerate after short term injury, but dialysis or kidney transplant is used when dire

Question 6

Dialysis

Answer 6

Movement of dissolved substances through a semi-permeable membrane - substances can be added or removed from blood
(hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis)

Question 7

Hemodialysis

Answer 7

Uses a machine that is connected to artery and vein to exchange materials

Question 8

Peritoneal Dialysis

Answer 8

Uses lining of person’s intestines to exchange materials

Question 9

Kidney Transplant

Answer 9

Needed because dialysis is neither a cure nor a long term solution –> used when < 10 % kidney function left