Blood Pressure Regulation and pH Balance

Question 1

Stimulus

Answer 1

Fluid loss decreases blood pressure

Question 2

Sensor

Answer 2

Drop in blood pressure detected by receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (found neat glomerulus)

Question 3

Control Center, Effector, and Action

Answer 3

Detection causes juxtaglomerular apparatus to release renin which takes angiotensinogen (enzyme precursor made by liver) and turns it into active angiotensin

Question 4

Action 1

Answer 4

Angiotensin constricts blood vessels which increases blood pressure

Question 5

Effector and Action 2

Answer 5

Angiotensin stimulates release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex which causes distal tubule to reabsorb Na+, causing Cl- to follow - increases osmotic gradient, causing water to move out of nephron, increasing fluid level in blood and bp

Question 6

pH Balance

Answer 6

Buffer system absorbs excess H+ ions and bases in blood

Question 7

Buffer System

Answer 7

H+ buffered by bicarbonate ions in blood: H+ + HCO3- –> H2CO3
- H2CO3 breaks down to water and CO2
- Kidneys can restore buffer when needed by recombining CO2 and water to make H+ and HCO3- (H+ can go on to combine with other things and be excreted in urine)