Control of Blood Glucose

Question 1

Adrenal Gland

Answer 1

Triangle shaped, located on top of kidneys - divided into adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

Question 2

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 2

Outer region, divided into three sections, each responsible for a hormone (cortisol, aldosterone, steroids) –> controlled by the endocrine system

Question 3

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 3

Inner region, produces “stress hormones” (adrenaline) –> controlled by the nervous system

Question 4

Pancreas

Answer 4

Tadpole shaped, located in back of abdomen behind stomach - secretes hormones from clusters of cells called islets (islets of Langerhans) composed of:
- Alpha cells: secrete glucagon
- Beta cells: secrete insulin

Question 5

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

Answer 5

Made in adrenal medulla; targets eyes, liver, and muscles; causes:
- Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate
- Increased blood flow to muscles and heart, less to extremities
- Breakdown of glycogen into glucose in liver
- Dilation of pupils to let in light

Question 6

ACTH

Answer 6

Made in anterior pituitary; targets adrenal cortex to release cortisol

Question 7

Cortisol

Answer 7

Made in adrenal cortex; targets muscles; causes muscles to breakdown into amino acids then be converted to glucose for extra energy

Question 8

Insulin

Answer 8

Made in beta cells of pancreas; targets all tissue (mainly muscles); decreases glucose in bloodstream by stimulating cells to intake glucose from blood

Question 9

Glucagon

Answer 9

Made in alpha cells of pancreas; targets liver and muscles; increases glucose in bloodstream by promoting breakdown of glycogen in liver into glucose that is released into blood