Control of Metabolism

Question 1

Thyroid Gland

Answer 1

Small butterfly shaped, located in front of neck beneath larynx

Question 2

Thyroid: Goiter

Answer 2

Enlarged thyroid gland often due to lack of iodine (crucial in production of thyroxine) –> lack of thyroxine but continuously simulated by TRH and TSH, causing thyroid to swell

Question 3

Parathyroid Glands

Answer 3

Four small oval shaped, next to two thyroid gland lobes

Question 4

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 4

Made in anterior pituitary; targets all tissue; causes:
- Increased protein synthesis and cell division/growth (especially in muscles, bone, and cartilage)
- Metabolism and release of fat from adipose tissue

Question 5

GH Disorders

Answer 5

Low = dwarfism
High = acromegaly

Question 6

Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH)

Answer 6

Made in hypothalamus; targets anterior pituitary to release TSH

Question 7

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 7

Made in anterior pituitary; targets thyroid to release thyroxine

Question 8

Thyroxine

Answer 8

Made in thyroid; targets all cells; controls rate of metabolism of fats, proteins, & carbs (rate of cellular respiration)

Question 9

Thyroxine Disorders

Answer 9

Low = hypothyroidism
High = hyperthyroidism

Question 10

Calcitonin

Answer 10

Made in thyroid; targets bones; decreases calcium levels in bloodstream by stimulating uptake of calcium by the bones

Question 11

Parathyroid Hormone

Answer 11

Made in parathyroid; targets bones; increases calcium levels in bloodstream by:
- Causing breaking of bone cells to release calcium
- Causing reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys from urine, activating vitamin D
- Causing absorption of calcium in the large intestine