kidney disease

Question 1

whats the most impotant function of the kidney?

Answer 1

its regulatory function

regulate the electrolyte 
execrete the wasteregulate PH
regulate the blood pressure 
regulate the blood volum  
so the regultory function of the kidney is more important

Question 2

whatre the features of the kidney ?

Answer 2

bean shape as the size of the fist
its long about 10-11 cm
its between 11-12 rib and its cover by renal capsule
lt kidny is little bit elevated than other

Question 3

whatre the coverings of the kidney?

Answer 3

its cover by
1- renal capsule which is fiberous tissue
2- renal fat called peri-renal-fat
3- and cover by facia called renal facia which is no very strong can go up and down attach the kidney ito peritunium

Question 4

whats the importance of renal facia ?

Answer 4

its for the protection of the kidney from any infection

Question 5

what the differance of the blood supply between the kidny and the other organ ?

Answer 5

each part of kidney is supply by single artery and if any damag eto this artery lead to damage of the part
unlike the liver because it has anstomsis so damage to ne blood vessels lead to no damage

Question 6

embryology of the kidney ?

Answer 6

it come from two layers the endoderm and extoderm
main part is
-nephon from mesenchyme
-Duct from bud

so if the nephron and the duct no fuse together it will lead for cycyic disese
and if both kidneys accend and fuse at the lower pole htis may lead to horse shoe kidney

Question 7

what dose renal dysplasia means ?

Answer 7

menas that there is kidney nut there is renal malformation

the kidny will have cyst ( filled sac fluid ) instead of noraml kidney tissue

Question 8

what dose the renal hypoplasia means ?

Answer 8

the defect will be in the nephrone the number will be small

Question 9

what the renal aplasia

Answer 9

one or both kidney fail to develop

Question 10

horse-shoe kidney

Answer 10

mean fusion of the lower pole of the kidney

Question 11

whats the complication of horse shoe kidney ?

Answer 11

1- willim tumer x4 times

2- obstructive uropathy realated if there is any obstruction or calculi and any infection

Question 12

dose pt know from the bigong that he have hores shoe kidney ?

Answer 12

no because the normal kidney funation but he will have some comlications as willim tumer andn obstructiv europathy fro any calculi and inflammation

Question 13

whose pt with genetic disease will be susptble for the hourse shoe kidney ?

Answer 13

pt with turner syndrom will have horse shoe kidney about 7%

Question 14

how pt woth congenital kidney disease present woth ?

Answer 14

they present with abdominal mass and heamturia

infection and hypertension and uraemia

Question 15

whats the differance between the hydronephrosis and the pylonephrosis?

Answer 15

hydronephrosis means aspetic dilation

while pylonephrosis means septic dilation of the pelvic calcyal system

Question 16

whate the hydronephrosis?

Answer 16

means aseptic dilation of the pelvic calcylal system cause by any obstruction and reflex
most common cause is the reflex

Question 17

whats the causes of the hydronephrosisi?

Answer 17

its from the 
------------
obstruction 
--------------
1- stone 
2- tumer 
3- tumer from outside  or fibrosis
4 -inflammmtory  stricture 
5- infection by TB and belharizia 

Reflex or uterocele

Question 18

whats the features of the hydronephrosis ?

Answer 18

its usually asyptomatic
but هنا نذكر اعراض الالتهاب 
abccess
pain dull or cloic 
sweling 

may lead to reanl faliure

Question 19

wats the end satge of hydronephrosis ?

Answer 19

its chornic renal faliure in 9%

Question 20

whats thre best method to evaluate the hydronephrosis ?

Answer 20

voiding cysto-urethro-gram

Question 21

what the grading of the hydronephrosis?

Answer 21

1 — ureter
2—– ureter , pelvic , calyce sisnt dilated

3—— either dilation of the tortus of the ureter or the pelvic

4—- dialated calyces but the shape is maintained

5—– dilated collecting system

نبدأ من الثالث اما اليوت او البلفك
الرابع الماليسس
الخامس كل كوليكتنغ سستم

Question 22

how to manage hydronephrosis?

Answer 22

cathter drain 
pelvicplasty
urethrotomy 
prostatoectomy 
re  implantation 

كاثتر 
بلفك 
يورثرا 
بروستات 
وزرع من جديد

Question 23

kidney infection most commo cause

Answer 23

is the accending infection from the lower urinary tract infection
as E coli and proteus
or from the blood

its affect the elderly and childern and maily the female

Question 24

what the differanc between the acute and choronic infection ?

Answer 24

choronic cause presistant damage to the kidney lead to fibrosis

Question 25

whats the clincal featue of the kidney infection

Answer 25

مثل الانفلاونزا

neusea
pain
fever
headach

other
dysuria
frequency
urgency

and uremia

Question 26

whtats the bignin tumers of the kidney ?

Answer 26

adenoma
angioma
angio -myo_lipoma

Question 27

malignet tumer of the kidenys ?

Answer 27

willim tumer (  pt with horse shoe kidney 7%) 
-------wilim----" nephroblastom "
in pt lower than 5  and the lower pole 
and unilateral 
TRT : chemotherpy and surgery 

hypernephrona —-
in the adult and inthe uppe rpole

TRT: amionotherpy

Question 28

hypernephroma means ?

Answer 28

is adenocarcinmoma in elderly men in the upper pole

pt present with
fever , polycythemia , heamaturia

— rapid forming “varico -cele “

may be asyptomatic

Question 29

which one is more common willim or hypernehroblastoma ?

Answer 29

hypernephroblastoma75%