breast cancer part 2

Question 1

why the mammogram is essential ?

Answer 1

because it diagnostic and screening

Question 2

why we perform the breast U/S for the pt of breast cancer ?

Answer 2

1- define the size and consistency of the lump of the breast
2-if there is any LN involvement
3- used with U/S guidance

Question 3

why gy we perform chest x ray ?

Answer 3

if there is plural effusion or lung involvement

Question 4

why we perform abdominal u/s ?

Answer 4

for :
1- liver secondaries
2-kukinburg tumer (overran tumer from gastric carcinoma )
3- ascites

Question 5

why we perform spin x ray ?

Answer 5

to see if there is osteolytic secondaries

Question 6

why we perform the MRI

Answer 6

1- differentiate the breast scar from the breast implant

2- management of the axillary LN

Question 7

whats the benefit of the ductography ?

Answer 7

for intarductal carcinoma

Question 8

whats the sential LN biopsy means ?

Answer 8

mean take biopsy from the 1st LN that involve with the tumer and approve if there is any histological involvement
to give an idea hoe the tumer will involve the rest lymph nodes

Question 9

what’re the treatments modality of the breast cancer ?

Answer 9

1- surgery
2- radiology
3- chemotherapy and hormonal therapy

Question 10

what’re the types of the breast surgery ?

Answer 10

1- breast conservative surgery

2- mastactomy

Question 11

what’re the indication of breast conservative surgery ?

Answer 11

1- cancer stage 1 & 2

2- cancer stage 3 sometimes

Question 12

what’re the types of the Brest conservative surgery ?

Answer 12

1- lumpectomy
2- quadrentectomy
3-partial mastectomy
4- spring skin mastectomy

Question 13

whats the methods of the breast conservative surgery ?

Answer 13

1- lumpectomy
2- lymphadenoectomy
3 radiotherapy

Question 14

what’re the contradiction of the breast conservative surgery ?

Answer 14

1- large tumer more than 5cm
2- tumer has micro calcification in the Mammogram
3-tumer is multifocal

Question 15

whats the defect of the breast conservative surgery?

Answer 15

the chance of recurrance is higher than the mastectomy

so need follow up

Question 16

what’re the types of the mastoectomy ?

Answer 16

1- Simple mastectomy
2-Modified radical mastectomy
3- radical mastectomy
4- extended radical mastectomy

Question 17

how the simple mastectomy perform ?

Answer 17

only breast tissue is removed but LN isn’t involve

Question 18

Indication of the simple mastectomy?

Answer 18

non -invasive breast carcinoma

Question 19

How the modified radical mastectomy perform ?

Answer 19

removed tissues are:
1- breast tissue
2- I,II&III LN
3- pectorals minor

remained tissue :
1-pectorals major 
2- N to serrates Ant 
3- N to latissimus dorsi 
4- intercostal-brachial N 
5-axillary vein 
6- cephalic vein

Question 20

whats the patey’s operation ?

Answer 20

its modified radical mastectomy

Question 21

what’re the complication of the mastectomy ?

Answer 21

1- pain and numbness 
2- infection and flap necrosis 
-----
3- lymph adenoma
4- axillary hyperesthesia (increase in the sensitivity of any of your senses)
--------
5- shoulder dysfunction 
6-wing scapula 
---------------
7- seroma

Question 22

what’re the indication of the radiotherapy ?

Answer 22

1- perioperative to reduce the size and the grade of the tumer

2- post breast conservative surgery
3- post mastoectomy

4- if there is risk of recurrence

• invasive carcinoma
• extensive non invasive
• multifocal
• age below 35

5- if there is bone metastasis
6- if 4 LN is involve or pectorals major

7- atrophic schirous carcinoma (t is a subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma)

Question 23

what’re the types of the chemotherapy ?

Answer 23

1- adjuvant
2- non adjuvant
3- palliative

Question 24

whats the adjuvant chemo ?

Answer 24

cytokines after surgery

Question 25

whats the benefit of the adjuvant chemo?

Answer 25

to eliminate the non detectable distant spread

Question 26

whats the non-adjuvant chemo ?

Answer 26

cytokine before the surgery

Question 27

benefit of non - adjuvant ?

Answer 27

reduce the locorgional spread

Question 28

whats the benefit of the palliative chemo?

Answer 28

1- advanced cancer of the breast

2- metastatic breast cancer

Question 29

whats the indications of the chemotherapy in general ?

Answer 29

1- all LN is involve and pt with primary tumor more than 1cm

2- inflammatory ca
3- advanced ca
4- metastatic ca

5- poor prognostic factor

Question 30

what’re the types of the medication used in chemo ?

Answer 30

1-cyclophosphmide
2- 5’ Flurouracil
3- methotrexate