breast cancer part 2 Flashcards
why the mammogram is essential ?
because it diagnostic and screening
why we perform the breast U/S for the pt of breast cancer ?
1- define the size and consistency of the lump of the breast
2-if there is any LN involvement
3- used with U/S guidance
why gy we perform chest x ray ?
if there is plural effusion or lung involvement
why we perform abdominal u/s ?
for :
1- liver secondaries
2-kukinburg tumer (overran tumer from gastric carcinoma )
3- ascites
why we perform spin x ray ?
to see if there is osteolytic secondaries
why we perform the MRI
1- differentiate the breast scar from the breast implant
2- management of the axillary LN
whats the benefit of the ductography ?
for intarductal carcinoma
whats the sential LN biopsy means ?
mean take biopsy from the 1st LN that involve with the tumer and approve if there is any histological involvement
to give an idea hoe the tumer will involve the rest lymph nodes
what’re the treatments modality of the breast cancer ?
1- surgery
2- radiology
3- chemotherapy and hormonal therapy
what’re the types of the breast surgery ?
1- breast conservative surgery
2- mastactomy
what’re the indication of breast conservative surgery ?
1- cancer stage 1 & 2
2- cancer stage 3 sometimes
what’re the types of the Brest conservative surgery ?
1- lumpectomy
2- quadrentectomy
3-partial mastectomy
4- spring skin mastectomy
whats the methods of the breast conservative surgery ?
1- lumpectomy
2- lymphadenoectomy
3 radiotherapy
what’re the contradiction of the breast conservative surgery ?
1- large tumer more than 5cm
2- tumer has micro calcification in the Mammogram
3-tumer is multifocal
whats the defect of the breast conservative surgery?
the chance of recurrance is higher than the mastectomy
so need follow up
what’re the types of the mastoectomy ?
1- Simple mastectomy
2-Modified radical mastectomy
3- radical mastectomy
4- extended radical mastectomy
how the simple mastectomy perform ?
only breast tissue is removed but LN isn’t involve
Indication of the simple mastectomy?
non -invasive breast carcinoma
How the modified radical mastectomy perform ?
removed tissues are:
1- breast tissue
2- I,II&III LN
3- pectorals minor
remained tissue : 1-pectorals major 2- N to serrates Ant 3- N to latissimus dorsi 4- intercostal-brachial N 5-axillary vein 6- cephalic vein
whats the patey’s operation ?
its modified radical mastectomy
what’re the complication of the mastectomy ?
1- pain and numbness 2- infection and flap necrosis ----- 3- lymph adenoma 4- axillary hyperesthesia (increase in the sensitivity of any of your senses) -------- 5- shoulder dysfunction 6-wing scapula --------------- 7- seroma
what’re the indication of the radiotherapy ?
1- perioperative to reduce the size and the grade of the tumer
2- post breast conservative surgery
3- post mastoectomy
4- if there is risk of recurrence
- invasive carcinoma
- extensive non invasive
- multifocal
- age below 35
5- if there is bone metastasis
6- if 4 LN is involve or pectorals major
7- atrophic schirous carcinoma (t is a subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma)
what’re the types of the chemotherapy ?
1- adjuvant
2- non adjuvant
3- palliative
whats the adjuvant chemo ?
cytokines after surgery
whats the benefit of the adjuvant chemo?
to eliminate the non detectable distant spread
whats the non-adjuvant chemo ?
cytokine before the surgery
benefit of non - adjuvant ?
reduce the locorgional spread
whats the benefit of the palliative chemo?
1- advanced cancer of the breast
2- metastatic breast cancer
whats the indications of the chemotherapy in general ?
1- all LN is involve and pt with primary tumor more than 1cm
2- inflammatory ca
3- advanced ca
4- metastatic ca
5- poor prognostic factor
what’re the types of the medication used in chemo ?
1-cyclophosphmide
2- 5’ Flurouracil
3- methotrexate
