breast

Question 1

whichquadrant have the axillary tail?

Answer 1

upper outer has the axillary tail called

axillary tail of spence

Question 2

which quadrant has more glandular tissue

Answer 2

the upper outer

Question 3

whats the cause go the extra-breast mastalgia ?

Answer 3

its mondor’s disease phlebitis of the superficial vein

tietz syndrom costochondritis

Question 4

what the most common secondaries of the breast cancer ?

Answer 4

it the lumber vertebrae by bastion plexus

Question 5

what’re the axillary lymph group ?

Answer 5

ant part and medial is most common
while post and med is rare
interpctoral rotter lymph node
apical

Question 6

slit like nipple

Answer 6

ductesisa

and chronic periductal mastitis

Question 7

circumfincial nipple retraction

Answer 7

cancer

Question 8

nipple cracke

Answer 8

lactation and infection

Question 9

nipple papilloma

Answer 9

tied up with ligature and spountasly fall off

Question 10

whats the cyclical mastalgia ?

Answer 10

it occur before the ease and just decrease with the mesne it happen to 2/3 of women
the cause: may be from the estrogen because it causes the fluid retention
character of the pain: is bilateral heaviness
site in the upper outer quadrant

age group: is 3rd and 4th decade

Question 11

whats the non cyclical mastalgia ?

Answer 11

its affect 1/3 of women
its affect the: menopause so its affecting the elderly
the character of the pain: is unilateral and burning localize pain affect one quadrant

cause: 
underlying pathology of the breast 
- large cyst as fiberocyctic diseases 
-  peri ductal mastitis 
- breast abccess 
- engorgment of the breast  during lactation

Question 12

How to manage the mastalgia ?

مهمه

Answer 12

1- reassurance by making investigation and examination to exclude the malignancy
2- wear proper and well fit bra to support the breast
3 - avoid the caffeine ,chocolate ,tea and alcohol and fat
4-primrose oil at the evening
5- Daily pain chart to record when the severity of the pain
————————–
6- estrogen receptor blocker asTamoxifen 90% success after 6month of usage
7- synthetic androgen which bind androgen and progetron receptor Danazol 75%for the cyclical and 30% for the non cyclical

8- prolactin inhibitors Bromocriptin
9- NSID
10- surgery

Question 13

what’re the causes of the extramammry mastalgia ?

Answer 13

teiz syndrom and mondor disease

طيز منذر

Question 14

whats the intarductal papilloma ?

Answer 14

its benign tumer of the duct (lactiferous duct )

it affect the women from 40-45

Question 15

whats the main clinical feature of the intarductal papilloma?

Answer 15

• bloody nipple discharge spountously or serous discharge

- the size of the papilloma may range from 2-5mm not plaple the 4-5cm in the nipple office area

Question 16

whats the diffuse hypertrophy of the breast?

Answer 16

its happen during the puberty and after the first pregnancy

because of the sensitivity to the estrogen and art is anti estrogen or mammoplasty

Question 17

fibroadenoma

Answer 17

its benign capsulated tumer that caused by the hyperplasia of the lobules

affecting the young female (15-25)

size is less than 2cm but if it reach to 5cm it could taint fiberoadenoma

Question 18

whats the features of the fibroadenoma ?

Answer 18

-painless non tender swelling in one quadrant of the breast move like the mouse
its firm (as the nose )
- no LN involvement
- female is young from (15-25)

Question 19

whats the phyllois tumer ?

Answer 19

• its capsulated tumer range from benign 75% to malignint 15% if it malignant its sarcoma to the lung or bone
• affect female from (30-50)

Question 20

How the phylloid tumer is grossly and microscopicaly seen ?

Answer 20

gross / large capsulated tumer with rapid growth with cystic space when cat it show soft brownish cystic space

micro/ its has cystic space as leaf

Question 21

whats the clinical features of the phylloid tumer ?

Answer 21

• age from 30-50
• swelling is. smooth unilateral non tender and the tumer is capsulated rapidly grow large bosselted
• skin is with necrosis and skin is stretch and with dilated vein
• tumer is warm not fixed no nipple retraction no LN involvement