Kidney, Bladder, Urinary Tract

Question 1

Renal cell cancer (RCC) common

Answer 1

2% of cancers worldwide
Most common in persons over 45 Years of age, particularly blacks

Question 2

Renal cell cancer risk factors

Answer 2

Smoking
Long-term dialysis
Occupational exposure to dyes, rubber, and leather

Question 3

Wilm’s tumor

Answer 3

nephroblastoma or embryoma of the kidney
highly malignant tumor occuring almost exclusively in children younger than 6. More common in girls and AA.

Question 4

Bladder cancer causes

Answer 4

smoking
exposure to chemicals at works (hair dyes, textiles, paint)
old age
chronic bladder infections
infectious parasites

Question 5

Rapamycin (mTOR)

Answer 5

controls translation of key proteins during cancer cell proliferation

Question 6

Temsirolimus

Answer 6

first mTOR inhibitor approved for treatment of advanced RCC

Question 7

Side effects of Temsirolimus

Answer 7

hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, stomatitis, rash, penumonitis

Question 8

Interferon and interleukin-2

Answer 8

causes pt to have flu-like sx, n/v common
fluid retention common

Question 9

Sunitinib (Sutent)

Answer 9

useful in advanced kidney cancer where chemo has not been effective

Question 10

Zoledronic acid

Answer 10

bisphosphonate - approved for preventing fractures after bone metastasis from renal ca

Question 11

Wilms’ tumor

Answer 11

perioperative vincristine and dactinomycin with or without doxorubicin or radiotherapy