Kidney And Gental Development Flashcards
Leydig cells
Mesoderm cells that infiltrate testies at week 8 produce testosterone and dihydrotestosterone
- required for differentiation of the duct system and external genitalia for males
Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells)
Cells that reside in testies and provide structural support as well as produce Anti-mullarian hormone
Difference between XX and XY chromosomal wise
Y chromsome produces SRY gene
SRY gene produces testis determining factor which differentiates primitive gonad into testies
Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone
Hormones that help differentiate the external genitalia into “male” and grow the duct system
Anti-mullerian hormone
Inhibits growth and differentiation of paramesonephric duct (prevents female duct system and ovary growth)
Estrogen
Hormone that promotes growth and differentiation of the female duct system and external genitalia.
Sinus tubercle gives rise to what structures?
Female = hymen
Male = seminal colliculus
Spermatagonia cells
Differentiated primordial germ cells that reside in the seminiferous tubules.
- cells that produce sperm once puberty starts
Tunic albuginea
Thick fibrous capsule underneath visceral and parietal tunica vaginalis
- protective layer
Testosterone production begins when?
Week 8
Ovary production
Absence of AMH allows cortical cords to form along surface epithelium and form isolated cell clusters
- forms follicular cells and primary oocyte forms the primordial follicle
- ovary will separate from the mesonephric duct and grow with the paramesonephric duct
- supported by mesonerium
Wolffian and mullerian
Mesonephric duct and paramesonephric duct respectively
Movement of sperm through male duct system
- grow from PGC’s in seminiferous tubules
- moves into the efferent ductules
- moves into epididymis (reside in tail of epididymis until called upon for ejaculation).
- moves into vas deferens and Then into ejactulatory duct right after passing the seminal vesicles
- after getting seminal fluid, prostate fluid and bulbourethral fluid, sperm moves through membranous, prostatic and spongy urethra.
Vas deferens turns into ejaculatory duct when?
Just when it passes the seminal vesicle
Superior portion of paramesonephric (mullarian) Forms what?
Uterine tubes and fimbrae
Inferior fused portion of paramesonephric (mullarian) forms what?
Uterus, cervix and proximal vagina
Gardner cyst and epoophoron, paroophoron
Remnants of the paramesonephric duct
Broad ligament of the uterus
Forms from the fusion of the paramesonephric ducts at the midline
- forms uterorectal pouch above it and the uterovesicle pouch below it
Vagina production
Caudal tip of paramesonephric ducts contact the urogential sinus and form the sinus tubercle
- sinus tubercle generates sinovaginal bulbs from the pelvic part of the urogential sinus which forms the vaginal plate
Urethral and paraurethral gland form from what?
Pelvic portion of urogential sinus
Genital tubercle
Primordial tissue outgrowth that produces either the penis or the clitoris
Urethral folds
Primordium folds that produces ventral penis or labia minors
Genital swellings
Primordium of the scrotum or the labia Majorca and mons pubis
Genital swelling in female development
Fuses anteriorly to form anterior labial commissure and mons pubis
Also fuses posteriorly to form posterior labial commissure
Cryptorchidism
Failure of testies to descend into scrotum , usually as a result of improper testosterone production
- testies are usually found in the deep ring of the inguinal canal or the abdominal wall and will descend within 1 year of birth
- if they do not descend, testies will not produce sperm and results in sterility
